| 1. |
- Singh, Akhilendra Pratap, et al.
(author)
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Introduction to Advanced Combustion Techniques and Engine Technologies for Automotive Sector
- 2020
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In: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2522-8374 .- 2522-8366. ; , s. 3-6
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To resolve the transportation sector issues such as rapidly increasing petroleum consumption and stringent emission norms for vehicles, researchers have proposed three solution strategies namely advanced combustion techniques, after-treatment systems and alternative fuels. This book covers all three aspects for automotive sector. A dedicated section of this book is based on methanol, which discusses about the methanol utilization strategies in vehicles, especially in two wheelers. Second section of this book is based on advanced combustion techniques, which includes gasoline compression ignition (GCI), gasoline direct injection (GDI), and spark assisted compression ignition (SACI). Fourth section is based on emissions and after treatments systems. Last section of this book includes two different aspects. First is the vehicle lightweighting and second is the development of UAVs for defence applications. Overall this book emphasizes on different techniques, which can improve engine efficiency and reduce harmful emissions for a sustainable transport system.
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| 2. |
- Gunda, Vamshi Krishna
(author)
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Study on Alternate Fuels and Their Effect on Particulate Emissions from GDI Engines
- 2020
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In: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2522-8366. ; , s. 149-157
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- With strict environmental legislations and to reduce related health hazards, there is immense focus on reducing particulates from gasoline direct injection engines. With increasing use of biofuels in the market, their blends with hydrocarbon fuels are also being considered as cleaner alternatives to gasoline. This chapter confers the addition of oxygenates to gasoline and their capacity to reduce sooting tendency compared to gasoline. Challenges related to optimizing combustion by appropriately choosing engine parameters such as start of ignition, duration of injection, etc. have been addressed. Optimizing combustion can reduce the particulate emissions, by sometimes increasing efficiency. Oxygenated fuels always have the advantage of higher oxidation of soot formed inside the cylinder, which further reduces particulate emissions. Towards the end of this chapter, disadvantages of using oxygenated fuel blends or alternate fuels are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Wadekar, Sandip, 1989
(author)
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Investigation of Influence of Injection Pressure on Gasoline Fuel Spray Characteristics Using Numerical Simulation
- 2020
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In: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2522-8366. ; , s. 69-83
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Maximum fuel injection pressure in gasoline direct injection engine is expected to increase because of its potential to reduce emissions while maintaining a high efficiency in spark ignition engine. Present gasoline injectors in the market operates in the range of 20–30 MPa. Because of many positive effects of high injection pressure for the emission reduction and fuel efficiency, an interest has been developed to investigate the spray behavior at around 40 MPa, 60 MPa and even more higher injection pressure. A fundamental investigation of spray characteristics at high-pressure injection will help to develop the understanding of spray behavior at such elevated pressure. In the present study, a gasoline fuel spray was studied through the numerical model at an injection pressure ranging from 40 to 150 MPa. A numerical simulation was performed in an optical accessible constant volume chamber. The chamber was effectively non-reacting and non-vaporizing condition since the focus was on the spray droplets. In the numerical model, gas flow was calculated by large-eddy simulation (LES) method and the liquid phase was accounted by a standard Lagrangian spray model. The fuel spray atomization was modelled using the Kelvin Helmholtz—Rayleigh Taylor (KH-RT) model, and droplet size distribution followed the Rosin-Rammler distribution function. Simulation results were validated by comparing the liquid penetration length of spray with the experimental data at different fuel injection pressures. Then, the mean droplet sizes such as arithmetic mean diameter and Sauter mean diameter of the spray droplets were compared with the measure droplet sizes as a function of pressure. The spray droplet size distribution was also shown along with measured droplet sizes. The result shows that the liquid length penetration of the spray was significantly increases together with the higher probability of smaller droplet by increasing the fuel injection pressure. Moreover, the mean droplet sizes were also reducing by increasing the fuel injection pressure, such as the droplet SMD was reduced from 13.5 to 7.5 $$ \upmu $$ m by injecting the fuel at pressure 150 MPa instead of 40 MPa.
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