| 1. |
- Liera, Carla, et al.
(författare)
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Human rights, COVID-19, and barriers to safe water and sanitation among people experiencing homelessness in Mexico City
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Water. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2624-9375. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) are human rights and play a fundamental role in protecting health, which has been particularly evident during the SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic. People experiencing homelessness face frequent violations of their human rights to water and sanitation, negatively affecting their health and dignity and ability to protect themselves from COVID-19. This research aimed to identify barriers to safe water, sanitation and hygiene access for people experiencing homelessness in Mexico City during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey of 101 respondents experiencing homelessness was conducted using mobile data collection tools in collaboration with El Caracol A.C., an NGO that contributes to the visibility and social inclusion of homeless people in Mexico. We report findings according to the following themes: general economic impacts of COVID-19; experiences with reduced access to WASH services due to COVID-19, challenges in accessing hand washing to follow COVID-19 public health advice; and coping mechanisms used to deal with reductions in access to WASH. We discuss the broader implications of the findings in terms of realization of the human rights to water and sanitation (HRtWS), and how people experiencing homelessness are left behind by the existing approaches to ensure universal access to water and sanitation under SDG 6.
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| 2. |
- Moreira, Luana Lavagnoli, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity analysis of indicator weights for the construction of flood vulnerability indexes : A participatory approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Water. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2624-9375. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assessment of flood vulnerability is a complex task that involves numerous uncertainties. Within this context, sensitivity analyses are crucial to better understand the variability of vulnerability index outcomes according to different input parameters. The present study sheds light on the importance of assessing the sensitivity of different criteria weights to construct flood vulnerability indexes using the Maquiné basin (Brazil) as a case study. Specifically, we compared vulnerability scores based on weights derived from a participatory survey with 44 stakeholders to those based on an equal weighting scheme. Results helped us identify areas with low and high uncertainty and the variables contributing to this. Overall, the preference for indicator weights did not vary significantly among stakeholders with distinct socioeconomic characteristics. Furthermore, the choice of weights only had an impact on the spatial distribution of flood vulnerability in certain regions. Compared to equal weights, the flood vulnerability outcomes obtained by averaging the stakeholder scenarios were similar, indicating that the results were robust and not highly sensitive to the choice of weights. By adopting a participatory approach, we were able to consider multiple stakeholders' views, which helped to provide a more comprehensive perspective of flood vulnerability and potentially increased the acceptance of the results. Based on our findings, end-users can better understand the relative importance of each indicator and how they contribute to vulnerability. Furthermore, our results can help identify points where stakeholders disagree, which can be used to facilitate dialogue and consensus building. The methodology applied is straightforward and could be easily adapted to other multi-criteria decision-making problems.
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| 3. |
- Zannella, Alberto, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic processes control carbon dioxide dynamics in a boreal forest ditch affected by clear-cut forestry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Water. - 2624-9375. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Boreal watercourses are large emitters of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. For forestry intensive areas of the Nordic and Baltic countries, a high share of these watercourses are man-made ditches, created to improve drainage and increase forest productivity. Previous studies have suggested that terrestrial sources sustain the CO2 in these ditches and variability in hydrology is the main temporal control. However, few studies have explored ditch CO2 dynamics and its associated controls in catchments being exposed to forest harvest. An altered hydrology, increased nutrient export and light availability following forest harvest are all factors that potentially can change both levels, dynamics, and source controls of ditch CO2. Here, high-frequency (30 min) CO2 concentration dynamics together with other hydrochemical variables were studied in a forest ditch draining a fully harvested catchment in the Trollberget Experimental Area, northern Sweden. We collected data during the snow-free season from May to October. Ditch CO2 concentrations displayed a clear seasonal pattern with higher CO2 concentrations during summer than in spring and autumn. Concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 3.5 mg C L−1 (median: 2.4 mg C L−1 , IQR = 0.5 mg C L−1 ). Strong diel cycles in CO2 developed during early summer, with daily amplitudes in CO2 reaching up to 1.1 mg C L−1 . These pronounced daily cycles in CO2 were closely related to the daily sum of shortwave radiation and water temperature. Variations in hydrology had generally a low impact on the CO2 dynamics but did vary among seasons and between individual hydrological events. It was evident from our study that growing season CO2 concentrations in a forest ditch aected by clearcut harvest were highly variable and mainly controlled by light and temperature induced metabolism. These high dynamics and the associated controls need to be considered when scaling up ditch CO2 emissions across boreal landscapes aected by intensive forest
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