| 1. |
- Aakre, Kristin M, et al.
(författare)
-
Lower Limits for Reporting High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays and Impact of Analytical Performance on Patient Misclassification.
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Clinical chemistry. - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 70:3, s. 497-505
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiac troponin measurements are indispensable for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction and provide useful information for long-term risk prediction of cardiovascular disease. Accelerated diagnostic pathways prevent unnecessary hospital admission, but require reporting cardiac troponin concentrations at low concentrations that are sometimes below the limit of quantification. Whether analytical imprecision at these concentrations contributes to misclassification of patients is debated.The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Committee on Clinical Application of Cardiac Bio-Markers (IFCC C-CB) provides evidence-based educational statements on analytical and clinical aspects of cardiac biomarkers. This mini-review discusses how the reporting of low concentrations of cardiac troponins impacts on whether or not assays are classified as high-sensitivity and how analytical performance at low concentrations influences the utility of troponins in accelerated diagnostic pathways. Practical suggestions are made for laboratories regarding analytical quality assessment of cardiac troponin results at low cutoffs, with a particular focus on accelerated diagnostic pathways. The review also discusses how future use of cardiac troponins for long-term prediction or management of cardiovascular disease may require improvements in analytical quality.Clinical guidelines recommend using cardiac troponin concentrations as low as the limit of detection of the assay to guide patient care. Laboratories, manufacturers, researchers, and external quality assessment providers should extend analytical performance monitoring of cardiac troponin assays to include the concentration ranges applicable in these pathways.
|
|
| 2. |
- Aarnio, Karoliina, et al.
(författare)
-
Etiologic subtypes of first and recurrent ischemic stroke in young patients using A-S-C-O and TOAST classification criteria: A retrospective follow-up study
- 2024
-
Ingår i: EUROPEAN STROKE JOURNAL. - 2396-9873 .- 2396-9881.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Scarce data exist on the etiology of recurrent ischemic strokes (ISs) among young adults. We analyzed the etiology of first-ever and recurrent events and the differences between them.Patients and methods: Patients aged 15-49 years with a first-ever IS in 1994-2007 were included in the Helsinki Young Stroke Registry. In this retrospective cohort study, data on recurrent ISs were identified from Care Register for Health Care until the end of 2017 and Causes of Death Register and from patient records until the end of 2020. All first-ever and recurrent ISs were classified using Atherosclerosis-Small vessel disease-Cardioembolism-Other Cause (A-S-C-O) and Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classifications.Results: A total of 970 patients were included (median age at index IS 46 years, interquartile range 43-48, 33% women), of which 155 (16.0%) patients had recurrent IS, with 8 (5.2%) fatal cases and 5 (3.2%) unverifiable cases. The median follow-up was 17.4 (IQR 13.9-21.7) years. Median time from the index event to the first recurrent event was 4.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.6-10.2) years. Recurrence was more often due to definite cardioembolism (10.7% vs 18.0%, p = 0.013), while the proportion of other definite A-S-C-O subgroups remained the same. With TOAST classification, the proportion of true cryptogenic ISs decreased (16.7% vs 6.7%, p = 0.003), while those with incomplete evaluation increased (9.3% vs 19.3%, p = 0.015). Other TOAST phenotypes remained the same.Conclusion: The proportion of definite cardioembolism increased at recurrence using the A-S-C-O classification and the number of cryptogenic ISs decreased using the TOAST classification, while cases with incomplete evaluation increased. Most etiologies remained the same.
|
|
| 3. |
- Aaroe, Lene, et al.
(författare)
-
The journalistic preference for extreme exemplars: educational socialization, psychological biases, or editorial policy?
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION. - 0021-9916 .- 1460-2466. ; 74:1, s. 48-62
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exemplars are central in news reporting. However, extreme negative exemplars can bias citizens' factual perceptions and attributions of political responsibility. Nonetheless, our knowledge of the factors shaping journalistic preferences for including exemplars in news stories is limited. We investigate the extent to which educational socialization, psychological biases, and editorial policy shape journalistic preferences for extreme negative exemplars. We field large-scale survey experiments to a population sample of journalism students, a nationally representative sample of citizens, and a representative sample of "young people" and obtain evaluations of news value, newsworthiness, and behavioral measures of the actual write-up of news articles. We find significant support for the role of editorial policy and limited support for the role of educational socialization and psychological biases. In a time where economic pressures and the proliferation of digital media potentially lead editors to prioritize clickbait, these findings suggest that structural biases in news coverage may be aggravated.
|
|
| 4. |
- Aarsand, Pål, et al.
(författare)
-
Documenting young people's production of visual culture: heritage as lines and movements
- 2024
-
Ingår i: 7 th Biennale Association of Critical Heritage Studies Conference, 2024.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Young people are seen as both consumers and producers of culture. This can be seen in cultural heritage intuitions and how young people's cultural production is categorised, preserved and exhibited. Children’s perspectives are important in understanding what it means to be a young person at a particular moment in history, thereby to make children’s narratives and voices accessible to future generations is of most importance. The present paper scrutinizes young people’s picture practices and archive material on young people’s pictures to see what is captured. The data are part of a larger research project: Children’s cultural heritage – the visual voices of the archive and consists of ten semi-structured in-depth interviews with youngsters 11 to 20 years. Drawing on Ingolds (2007) concepts lines and meshwork, the paper discusses how young people’s pictures are created, recreated, and used in various settings. When youngsters pictures are made part of archives, this usually means that a single picture of a motif is included. The present paper argues that if the aim of the archive is to say something about what it means to be young at a particular time, then archiving pictures as single visual expressions does tell us little about how it is to be young and how young people’s picture practices looks like. Furthermore, the idea of lines may help archives to display and document children as actors, not in the sense of creating single pictures, but as individuals on the move in and across different settings with various purposes.
|
|
| 5. |
- Abarenkov, Kessy, et al.
(författare)
-
The UNITE database for molecular identification and taxonomic communication of fungi and other eukaryotes: sequences, taxa and classifications reconsidered
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 52:D1, s. D791-D797
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNITE (https://unite.ut.ee) is a web-based database and sequence management environment for molecular identification of eukaryotes. It targets the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and offers nearly 10 million such sequences for reference. These are clustered into similar to 2.4M species hypotheses (SHs), each assigned a unique digital object identifier (DOI) to promote unambiguous referencing across studies. UNITE users have contributed over 600 000 third-party sequence annotations, which are shared with a range of databases and other community resources. Recent improvements facilitate the detection of cross-kingdom biological associations and the integration of undescribed groups of organisms into everyday biological pursuits. Serving as a digital twin for eukaryotic biodiversity and communities worldwide, the latest release of UNITE offers improved avenues for biodiversity discovery, precise taxonomic communication and integration of biological knowledge across platforms. Graphical Abstract
|
|
| 6. |
- Abdullahi, Amina K., et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating a School-Based Intervention on Adolescents' Ethnic-racial Identity in Sweden
- 2024
-
Ingår i: JOURNAL OF YOUTH AND ADOLESCENCE. - 0047-2891 .- 1573-6601.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finding developmentally appropriate ways to support youth in understanding their own ethnic-racial identity is needed, particularly in contexts like Sweden where such support is not the norm. This preregistered longitudinal study examined whether an 8-week school-based intervention, the Identity Project, impacted youth ethnic-racial identity exploration (participation and search), resolution, private regard, and centrality. Participants were 509 adolescents in the 10th grade (Mage = 16.28, SD = 0.80; 65% self-identified girls; 52% minoritized ethnic background), who were randomized into an intervention or wait-list control group and assessed at baseline and three times post-intervention. The findings indicated an initial and simultaneous effect of the intervention only for exploration participation and resolution but did not show the expected chain of effects with earlier exploration predicting later resolution. Growth models indicated a greater increase in exploration participation over time for the intervention group than the control group. The findings indicate a mixed picture about the effectiveness of the intervention, with effects primarily narrowly targeted to exploration participation, but nevertheless highlight the potential for supporting Swedish youth in engaging with their ethnic-racial identities.
|
|
| 7. |
- Abdullahi, Amina K., et al.
(författare)
-
Framing Ethnicity in Initial Teacher Education: A Focus Group Study with Student Teachers
- 2024
-
Ingår i: IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH. - 1528-3488 .- 1532-706X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to explore how student teachers experienced the framing of ethnicity in initial teacher education in Sweden. Ten focus group discussions were conducted (N = 42; 21% minoritized ethnic background). An inductive thematic analysis was used. The findings showed that ethnicity was framed as mainly concerning "others" and that it was framed as sensitive. The current framing of ethnicity suggests that initial teacher education does not prepare student teachers to support positive youth ethnic-racial identity development. The findings highlight a need for student teachers, and teacher educators, to explore their own ethnic-racial identities through critical discussions that challenge notions of ethnicity as something that concerns "others". Furthermore, the findings highlight student teachers' and teacher educators' needs for structured support in how to critically engage in "sensitive" discussions. Further, the results illustrate how the framing of ethnicity resonates with aspects of social identity theory and with the postcolonial concept "othering".
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Abedin, Raschid, et al.
(författare)
-
Topological Lie Bialgebras, Manin Triples and Their Classification Over g[[x]]
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Communications in Mathematical Physics. - 1432-0916 .- 0010-3616. ; 405:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main result of the paper is classification of topological Lie bialgebra structures on the Lie algebra g[[x]] , where g is a finite-dimensional simple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field F of characteristic 0. We introduce the notion of a topological Manin pair (L,g[[x]]) and present their classification by relating them to trace extensions of F[[x]] . Then we recall the classification of topological doubles of Lie bialgebra structures on g[[x]] and view it as a special case of the classification of Manin pairs. The classification of topological doubles states that up to an appropriate equivalence there are only three non-trivial doubles. It is proven that topological Lie bialgebra structures on g[[x]] are in bijection with certain Lagrangian Lie subalgebras of the corresponding doubles. We then attach algebro-geometric data to such Lagrangian subalgebras and, in this way, obtain a classification of all topological Lie bialgebra structures with non-trivial doubles. For F= C the classification becomes explicit. Furthermore, this result enables us to classify formal solutions of the classical Yang–Baxter equation.
|
|
| 10. |
- Abele, Dace, et al.
(författare)
-
Including the liver in the visceral allograft: Impact on donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies and long-term outcomes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY. - 0198-8859 .- 1879-1166. ; 85:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humoral immunity emerges as a risk factor for graft failure after visceral transplantation (VTx) and development of donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSAs) has been linked with poor outcomes. In most cases, a simultaneous liver transplant can be safely performed in sensitized patients with DSA and appears protective against lymphocytotoxic antibodies. We investigated the incidence of acute (AR) and chronic rejection (CR) in 32 VTx without any B cell-depleting pre-treatment (6 isolated intestinal transplants (IT) and 26 liver-containing, multivisceral transplants (MVT) and assessed the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) pre- and posttransplantation. Twenty-one patients (65 %) developed AR, 15 (57 %) of the MVT and 6 (100 %) of the IT (p = 0.05). CR occurred in 4 IT (60 %, p < 0.001). At one month, de novo DSA were present in 71 % of VTx (66 % MVT vs 100 % IT, p = 0.09). At the last available follow-up, 69 % of the MVT and 50 % of the IT patients were DSA-free. De novo DSA seemed more persistent (7/19, 37 %) than pre-Tx DSA (1/6, 17 %; p = n.s.), de novo DSA were more frequently specific for HLA class II than class I, 16/19 (84 %) vs. 7/19 (37 %; p = 0.003), and HLA-DQ was their most frequent target HLA. DQ mismatches appeared to be a risk factor for developing de novo DSA. In conclusion, liver-containing visceral allografts have superior shortand long-term outcomes compared with liver-free allografts. De novo DSA develop early and frequently after VTx performed without B cell-depleting induction therapy, but the exact role of DSA in the pathogenesis of rejection remains unclear.
|
|
