| 1. |
- Knutsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Increased risk of ischemic heart disease in shift workers
- 1986
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Ingår i: Lancet. - 0140-6736. ; 2:8498, s. 89-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 504 papermill workers were followed up for 15 years and the incidence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in shift workers was compared with that in day workers. The relative risk (RR) of IHD rose with increasing duration of reported exposure to shift work. A significant risk of IHD was associated with an exposure of 11 - 15 years (RR = 2.2, p less than 0.04) and of 16 to 20 years (RR = 2.8, p less than 0.03. The association was independent of age and smoking history. The RR of IHD fell sharply after 20 years of shift work. This was ascribed to the pronounced positive selection that had taken place in this group.
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| 2. |
- Knutsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of risk factors for coronary artery disease among day and shift workers
- 1988
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health. - 0355-3140. ; 14:5, s. 317-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several recent studies have indicated that shift work is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. In this cross-sectional study 361 shift workers were examined with respect to some major risk factors for coronary artery disease; 240 day workers constituted the reference group. A higher proportion of shift workers smoked (54 versus 39%). Shift workers also had significantly higher levels of serum triglycerides (1.61 versus 1.43 mmol/l). Body mass index and the blood pressure and total cholesterol levels did not differ between the groups. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that shift work was significantly related to serum triglyceride levels also when age, smoking, body mass index, and other variables were controlled for. It was concluded that shift work is associated with several risk factors for coronary artery disease.
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| 3. |
- Torsvall, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep on the night shift: 24-hour EEG monitoring of spontaneous sleep/wake behavior
- 1989
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 26:3, s. 352-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study sought to objectively describe the spontaneous sleep/wakefulness pattern of shift workers during a 24-hour period. Portable Medilog tape-recorders were used for ambulatory EEG monitoring of 25 male papermill workers (25-55 years) during days with night and afternoon work. The results showed that sleep after night work was two hours shorter than after afternoon work. The sleep reduction affected mainly Stage 2 and REM sleep while slow wave sleep was unchanged. In connection with night work 28% of the workers took a nap in the afternoon. These naps contained a large proportion of slow wave sleep and were, apparently, caused by the sleep deficit after the short main sleep period. The EEG recordings also revealed that 20% of the participants had sleep episodes during night work. These naps were as long as the afternoon naps, were experienced as "dozing offs" rather than naps, occurred at the time of the trough of the circadian wakefulness rhythm, and were concomitant with extreme subjective sleepiness and low rated work load. It was concluded that not only the sleep of shift workers was disturbed, but also the wakefulness--to the extent that sleepiness during night work sometimes reached a level where reasonable wakefulness could not be maintained. The latter observation is probably of special importance in work situations demanding a great responsibility for human lives or for great economic values.
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