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| 2. |
- Zhang, Xiaoliang, et al.
(författare)
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Inorganic CsPbI3 Perovskite Coating on PbS Quantum Dot for Highly Efficient and Stable Infrared Light Converting Solar Cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 8:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solution-processed colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells harvesting the infrared part of the solar spectrum are especially interesting for future use in semitransparent windows or multilayer solar cells. To improve the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the solar cells, surface passivation of the quantum dots is vital in the research of CQD solar cells. Herein, inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite (CsPbI3-P) coating on PbS CQDs with a low-temperature, solution-processed approach is reported. The PbS CQD solar cell with CsPbI3-P coating gives a high PCE of 10.5% and exhibits remarkable stability both under long-term constant illumination and storage under ambient conditions. Detailed characterization and analysis reveal improved passivation of the PbS CQDs with the CsPbI3-P coating, and the results suggest that the lattice coherence between CsPbI3-P and PbS results in epitaxial induced growth of the CsPbI3-P coating. The improved passivation significantly diminishes the sub-bandgap trap-state assisted recombination, leading to improved charge collection and therefore higher photovoltaic performance. This work therefore provides important insight to improve the CQD passivation by coating with an inorganic perovskite ligand for photovoltaics or other optoelectronic applications.
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| 3. |
- Anthony, Lowell B., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Previous Somatostatin Analogue Use on the Activity of Everolimus in Patients with Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors : Analysis from the Phase III RADIANT-2 Trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Neuroendocrinology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0028-3835 .- 1423-0194. ; 102:1-2, s. 18-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Aims: The phase III placebo-controlled RADI-ANT-2 trial investigated the efficacy of everolimus plus octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET) associated with carcinoid syndrome. Here we report a secondary analysis based on the previous somatostatin analogue (SSA) exposure status of patients enrolled in RADIANT-2. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral everolimus 10 mg/day plus octreotide LAR 30 mg intramuscularly (i.m.) or to receive matching placebo plus octreotide LAR 30 mg i.m. every 28 days. SSA treatment before study enrollment was permitted. Patient characteristics and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by treatment arm and previous SSA exposure status. Results: Of the 429 patients enrolled in RADI-ANT-2, 339 were previously exposed to SSA (95% received octreotide); 173 of 339 patients were in the everolimus plus octreotide LAR arm. All patients had a protocol-specified history of secretory symptoms, but analysis by type showed that more patients who previously received SSA therapy had a history of flushing symptoms (77%), diarrhea (86%), or both (63%) compared with SSA-naive patients (62, 62, and 24%, respectively). Patients who received everolimus plus octreotide LAR had longer median PFS regardless of previous SSA exposure (with: PFS 14.3 months, 95% confidence interval, CI, 12.0-20.1; without: 25.2 months, 95% CI, 12.0-not reached) compared with patients who received placebo plus octreotide LAR (with: 11.1 months, 95% CI, 8.4-14.6; without: 13.6 months, 95% CI, 8.2-22.7). Conclusion: Everolimus in combination with octreotide improves PFS in patients with advanced NET associated with carcinoid syndrome, regardless of previous SSA exposure.
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| 4. |
- Anthony, Lowell B., et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term Safety Experience with Telotristat Ethyl Across Five Clinical Studies in Patients with Carcinoid Syndrome
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Oncologist. - : WILEY. - 1083-7159 .- 1549-490X. ; 24:8, s. E662-E670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and carcinoid syndrome experience considerable morbidity and mortality; carcinoid syndrome may be associated with shorter survival. Carcinoid syndrome is linked to tumoral secretion of serotonin and other bioactive substances. The subsequent debilitating diarrhea and urgency to defecate pose significant health risks. In previous studies, telotristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, was effective and well tolerated in treating carcinoid syndrome diarrhea. We present pooled safety data from five clinical trials with telotristat ethyl in patients with carcinoid syndrome. Subjects, Materials, and Methods Adverse events reported during telotristat ethyl treatment were pooled from two phase II and three phase III clinical trials in 239 patients with carcinoid syndrome. Long-term safety of telotristat ethyl and causes of hospitalization and death were reviewed; overall survival was estimated. Results Mean (median; range) duration of exposure and follow-up was 1.3 years (1.1 years; 1 week to 5.7 years), with 309 total patient-years of exposure. Leading causes of hospitalization were gastrointestinal disorders or were related to the underlying tumor and related treatment. Survival estimates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 93%, 88%, and 77%. Nearly all deaths were due to progression or complication of the underlying disease; none were attributable to telotristat ethyl. There was one death in year 4. Conclusion Based on long-term safety data, telotristat ethyl is well tolerated and has a favorable long-term safety profile in patients with carcinoid syndrome. Implications for Practice Carcinoid syndrome can cause persistent diarrhea, even in patients treated with somatostatin analogs. Across five clinical trials in patients with carcinoid syndrome, telotristat ethyl has been well tolerated and efficacious, providing clinicians with a new approach to help control carcinoid syndrome diarrhea, in addition to somatostatin analog therapy. By reducing the stool frequency in patients with carcinoid syndrome whose diarrhea is refractory to anticholinergics, such as loperamide and atropine/diphenoxylate, and somatostatin analog dose escalation, improvement in quality of life becomes an achievable goal.
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| 5. |
- Anthony, Lowell, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the Patient Experience with Carcinoid Syndrome : Exit Interviews from a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study of Telotristat Ethyl
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Therapeutics. - : Elsevier. - 0149-2918 .- 1879-114X. ; 39:11, s. 2158-2168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Telotristat ethyl, an oral tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, is intended to treat carcinoid syndrome by reducing serotonin production. Telotristat ethyl was evaluated in FELESTAR, a Phase HI study for patients who had carcinoid syndrome with at least 4 bowel movements (BMs) per day and who were receiving somatostatin analogue therapy. This interview sub study was conducted to provide insight into the patient experience in ILLESTAR and to help understand whether reductions in BM frequency (the primary end point) and other symptoms were clinically meaningful. Methods: Participating sites were asked to invite (before randomization) all eligible patients to telephone interviews scheduled at the end of the double-blind treatment period. Patients and interviewers were blinded to treatment. Findings: All 35 interviewed participants reported diarrhea and/or excessive BMs at baseline. Patients reported that these symptoms negatively affected emotional, social, physical, and occupational well-being. Prespecified criteria for treatment response (achieving >= 30% reduction in BM frequency for at least 50% of the days) were met by 8 of 26 patients taking telotristat ethyl and 1 of 9 patients taking placebo. All 8 patients taking telotristat ethyl described clinically meaningful reductions in BM frequency and were very satisfied with the ability of the study drug to control their carcinoidsyndrome symptoms. Overall, reports of being very satisfied were observed in 12 patients taking telotristat ethyl and 0 taking placebo. Implications: Patient interviews revealed that I ELESTAR patients, at baseline, were significantly affected by their high BM frequency. Patient reports of their clinical trial experience supported the significance of the primary end point and clinical responder analysis in TELESTAR, helping identify and understand clinically meaningful change produced by telotristat ethyl. (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier HS Journals, Inc.
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| 6. |
- Bathen, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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Anisotropic and plane-selective migration of the carbon vacancy in SiC : Theory and experiment
- 2019
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 100:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the migration mechanism of the carbon vacancy (VC) in silicon carbide (SiC) using a combination of theoretical and experimental methodologies. The VC, commonly present even in state-of-the-art epitaxial SiC material, is known to be a carrier lifetime killer and therefore strongly detrimental to device performance. The desire for VC removal has prompted extensive investigations involving its stability and reactivity. Despite suggestions from theory that VC migrates exclusively on the C sublattice via vacancy-atom exchange, experimental support for such a picture is still unavailable. Moreover, the existence of two inequivalent locations for the vacancy in 4H-SiC [hexagonal, VC(h), and pseudocubic, VC(k)] and their consequences for VC migration have not been considered so far. The first part of the paper presents a theoretical study of VC migration in 3C- and 4H-SiC. We employ a combination of nudged elastic band (NEB) and dimer methods to identify the migration mechanisms, transition state geometries, and respective energy barriers for VC migration. In 3C-SiC, VC is found to migrate with an activation energy of EA=4.0 eV. In 4H-SiC, on the other hand, we anticipate that VC migration is both anisotropic and basal-plane selective. The consequence of these effects is a slower diffusivity along the axial direction, with a predicted activation energy of EA=4.2 eV, and a striking preference for basal migration within the h plane with a barrier of EA=3.7 eV, to the detriment of the k-basal plane. Both effects are rationalized in terms of coordination and bond angle changes near the transition state. In the second part, we provide experimental data that corroborates the above theoretical picture. Anisotropic migration of VC in 4H-SiC is demonstrated by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) depth profiling of the Z1/2 electron trap in annealed samples that were subject to ion implantation. Activation energies of EA=(4.4±0.3) eV and EA=(3.6±0.3) eV were found for VC migration along the c and a directions, respectively, in excellent agreement with the analogous theoretical values. The corresponding prefactors of D0=0.54cm2/s and 0.017cm2/s are in line with a simple jump process, as expected for a primary vacancy point defect.
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| 7. |
- Coutinho, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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Theory of the carbon vacancy in 4H-SiC : Crystal field and pseudo-Jahn-Teller effects
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 96:17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The carbon vacancy in 4H-SiC is a powerful minority carrier recombination center in as-grown material and a major cause of degradation of SiC-based devices. Despite the extensiveness and maturity of the literature regarding the characterization and modeling of the defect, many fundamental questions persist. Among them, we have the shaky connection of the EPR data to the electrical measurements lacking sublattice site resolution, the physical origin of the pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect, the reasoning for the observed sublattice dependence of the paramagnetic states, and the severe temperature dependence of some hyperfine signals, which cannot be accounted for by a thermally activated dynamic averaging between equivalent Jahn-Teller distorted structures. In this work, we address these problems by means of semilocal and hybrid density functional calculations. We start by inventorying a total of four different vacancy structures from the analysis of relative energies. Diamagnetic states have well defined low-energy structures, whereas paramagnetic states display metastability. The reasoning for the rich structural variety is traced back to the filling of electronic states which are shaped by a crystal-field-dependent (and therefore site-dependent) pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect. From calculated minimum energy paths for defect rotation and transformation mechanisms, combined with the calculated formation energies and electrical levels, we arrived at a configuration-coordinate diagram of the defect. The diagram provides us with a detailed first-principles picture of the defect when subject to thermal excitations. The calculated acceptor and donor transitions agree well with the binding energies of electrons emitted from the Z(1/2) and EH6/7 traps, respectively. From the comparison of calculated and measured U-values, and correlating the site-dependent formation energies with the relative intensity of the DLTS peaks in as-grown material, we assign Z(1) (EH6) and Z(2) (EH7) signals to acceptor (donor) transitions of carbon vacancies located on the h and k sublattice sites, respectively.
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| 9. |
- Kulke, Matthew H., et al.
(författare)
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Telotristat Ethyl, a Tryptophan Hydroxylase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Carcinoid Syndrome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 35:1, s. 14-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Preliminary studies suggested that telotristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, reduces bowel movement (BM) frequency in patients with carcinoid syndrome. This placebo-controlled phase III study evaluated telotristat ethyl in this setting. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 135) experiencing four or more BMs per day despite stable-dose somatostatin analog therapy received (1: 1: 1) placebo, telotristat ethyl 250 mg, or telotristat ethyl 500 mg three times per day orally during a 12-week double-blind treatment period. The primary end point was change from baseline in BM frequency. In an open-label extension, 115 patients subsequently received telotristat ethyl 500 mg. Results Estimated differences in BM frequency per day versus placebo averaged over 12 weeks were -0.81 for telotristat ethyl 250 mg (P < .001) and -0.69 for telotristat ethyl 500 mg (P,.001). At week 12, mean BM frequency reductions per day for placebo, telotristat ethyl 250 mg, and telotristat ethyl 500 mg were -0.9, -1.7, and -2.1, respectively. Responses, predefined as a BM frequency reduction >= 30% from baseline for >= 50% of the double-blind treatment period, were observed in 20%, 44%, and 42% of patients given placebo, telotristat ethyl 250 mg, and telotristat ethyl 500 mg, respectively. Both telotristat ethyl dosages significantly reduced mean urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid versus placebo at week 12 (P < .001). Mild nausea and asymptomatic increases in gamma-glutamyl transferase were observed in some patients receiving telotristat ethyl. Follow-up of patients during the open-label extension revealed no new safety signals and suggested sustained BM responses to treatment. Conclusion Among patients with carcinoid syndrome not adequately controlled by somatostatin analogs, treatment with telotristat ethyl was generally safe and well tolerated and resulted in significant reductions in BM frequency and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid.
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