| 1. |
- Hendriksen, Rene S., et al.
(författare)
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Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, The Author(s). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health, but obtaining representative data on AMR for healthy human populations is difficult. Here, we use metagenomic analysis of untreated sewage to characterize the bacterial resistome from 79 sites in 60 countries. We find systematic differences in abundance and diversity of AMR genes between Europe/North-America/Oceania and Africa/Asia/South-America. Antimicrobial use data and bacterial taxonomy only explains a minor part of the AMR variation that we observe. We find no evidence for cross-selection between antimicrobial classes, or for effect of air travel between sites. However, AMR gene abundance strongly correlates with socio-economic, health and environmental factors, which we use to predict AMR gene abundances in all countries in the world. Our findings suggest that global AMR gene diversity and abundance vary by region, and that improving sanitation and health could potentially limit the global burden of AMR. We propose metagenomic analysis of sewage as an ethically acceptable and economically feasible approach for continuous global surveillance and prediction of AMR.
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| 2. |
- Adalbjörnsson, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Conjugate priors for Gaussian emission plsa recommender systems
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 24th European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2016. - 9780992862657 ; 2016-November, s. 2096-2100
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collaborative filtering for recommender systems seeks to learn and predict user preferences for a collection of items by identifying similarities between users on the basis of their past interest or interaction with the items in question. In this work, we present a conjugate prior regularized extension of Hofmann's Gaussian emission probabilistic latent semantic analysis model, able to overcome the over-fitting problem restricting the performance of the earlier formulation. Furthermore, in experiments using the EachMovie and MovieLens data sets, it is shown that the proposed regularized model achieves significantly improved prediction accuracy of user preferences as compared to the latent semantic analysis model without priors.
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Swimming activity in zebrafish larvae exposed to veterinary antiparasitic pharmaceuticals
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental toxicology and pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1382-6689 .- 1872-7077. ; 63, s. 74-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Veterinary antiparasitic pharmaceuticals have been detected in surface waters and several of these pharmaceuticals act on the nervous system on the target organisms implying that neurological effects also might be of concern in non-target animals such as fish. We tested if exposure to antiparasitic pharmaceuticals affect swimming activity in 6 days old zebrafish larvae. The results revealed that most pharmaceuticals did not cause any effects in swimming activity. However, larvae exposed to 0.58 mg/L doramectin displayed reduced swimming activity even though they were classified as normal, having no morphological abnormalities.
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| 4. |
- Fridriksson, Jon Örn, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term adverse effects after retropubic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy : Nationwide, population-based study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Surgical Oncology. - : Wiley. - 0022-4790 .- 1096-9098. ; 116:4, s. 500-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Objectives: Surgery for prostate cancer is associated with adverse effects. We studied long-term risk of adverse effects after retropubic (RRP) and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).Methods: In the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden, men who had undergone radical prostatectomy (RP) between 2004 and 2014 were identified. Diagnoses and procedures indicating adverse postoperative effects were retrieved from the National Patient Register. Relative risk (RR) of adverse effects after RARP versus RRP was calculated in multivariable analyses adjusting for year of surgery, hospital surgical volume, T stage, Gleason grade, PSA level at diagnosis, patient age, comorbidity, and educational level.Results: A total of 11 212 men underwent RRP and 8500 RARP. Risk of anastomotic stricture was lower after RARP than RRP, RR for diagnoses 0.51 (95%CI = 0.42-0.63) and RR for procedures 0.46 (95%CI = 0.38-0.55). Risk of inguinal hernia was similar after RARP and RRP but risk of incisional hernia was higher after RARP, RR for diagnoses 1.48 (95%CI = 1.01-2.16), and RR for procedures 1.52 (95%CI = 1.02-2.26).Conclusions: The postoperative risk profile for RARP and RRP was quite similar. However, risk of anastomotic stricture was lower and risk of incisional hernia higher after RARP.
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| 5. |
- Fu, Le, et al.
(författare)
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Biodegradable Si3N4 bioceramic sintered with Sr, Mg and Si for spinal fusion : Surface characterization and biological evaluation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-9407. ; 12, s. 260-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is an industrial ceramic used in spinal fusion and maxillofacial reconstructionbecause of its excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. This study compares the sur-face properties, apatite formation ability, bacterial infection, cell-biomaterial interactions, and in vivotoxicity (zebrafish) of newly developed Si3N4 bioceramics (sintered with bioactive sintering additivesSrO, MgO and SiO2) with two standard biomaterials; titanium (Ti) and traditional Si3N4 bioceramics (sin-tered with standard sintering additives Al2O3 and Y2O3). In general, Si3N4 bioceramics (both the newlydeveloped and the traditional) displayed less in vitro bacterial affinity than Ti, which may arise fromdifferences in the surface properties between these two types of material. The newly developed Si3N4bioceramics developed lower biofilm coverage and thinner biofilm, compared to traditional Si3N4 bioce-ramics. The effects of ionic dissolution products (leach) on proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1cell were also investigated. Ionic dissolution products containing moderate amount of Sr, Mg and Siions (approximately 4.72 mg/L, 3.26 mg/L and 3.67 mg/L, respectively) stimulated osteoblast prolifera-tion during the first 2 days in culture. Interestingly, ionic dissolution products from the traditional Si3N4bioceramics that contained small amount of Si and Y ions achieved the greatest stimulatory effect foralkaline phosphatase activity after 7 days culture. The toxicity of ionic dissolution products was investi-gated in a putative developmental biology model: zebrafish (Danio rerio). No toxicity, or developmentalabnormalities, was observed in zebrafish embryos exposed to ionic dissolution products, for up to 144 hpost fertilization. These newly developed Si3N4 bioceramics with bioactive sintering additives show greatpotential as orthopedic implants, for applications such as spinal fusion cages. Future work will focus onevaluation of the newly developed Si3N4 bioceramics using a large animal model.
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| 6. |
- Hallberg, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) alters lipid accumulation in bovine blastocysts after oocyte exposure during in vitro maturation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Reproductive Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-6238 .- 1873-1708. ; 84, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is one of the perfluoroalkyl acids present in human tissues. In this study, effects on early embryo development after PFNA exposure were investigated using the bovine in vitro production system. Oocytes were exposed to PFNA during maturation in vitro (10 μg mL-1 and 0.1 μg mL-1), and then fertilized and cultured in parallel with control groups. Developmental parameters (cleavage, blastocyst formation) were followed and embryo quality evaluated (stage, grade). Embryos developed after exposure to 0.1 μg mL-1 were stained to distinguish nuclei, active mitochondria and neutral lipids. 10 μg mL-1 of PFNA had a severe negative effect on blastocyst formation (OR: 0.27 p < 0.05), an effect not observed at 0.1 μg mL-1. However, lipid droplet distribution was significantly altered in embryos exposed to 0.1 μg mL-1, suggesting a disturbance of lipid metabolism after exposure to sublethal levels of PFNA during oocyte maturation in vitro.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Niss, Frida, et al.
(författare)
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Toxicity bioassays with concentrated cell culture media-a methodology to overcome the chemical loss by conventional preparation of water samples
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 25, s. 12183-12188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of in vitro bioassays for studies of toxic activity in environmental water samples is a rapidly expanding field of research. Cell-based bioassays can assess the total toxicity exerted by a water sample, regardless whether the toxicity is caused by a known or unknown agent or by a complex mixture of different agents. When using bioassays for environmental water samples, it is often necessary to concentrate the water samples before applying the sample. Commonly, water samples are concentrated 10-50 times. However, there is always a risk of losing compounds in the sample in such sample preparation. We have developed an alternative experimental design by preparing a concentrated cell culture medium which was then diluted in the environmental water sample to compose the final cell culture media for the in vitro assays. Water samples from five Swedish waste water treatment plants were analyzed for oxidative stress response, estrogen receptor (ER), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity using this experimental design. We were able to detect responses equivalent to 8.8-11.3 ng/L TCCD for AhR activity and 0.4-0.9 ng/L 17 beta-estradiol for ER activity. We were unable to detect oxidative stress response in any of the studied water samples. In conclusion, we have developed an experimental design allowing us to examine environmental water samples in toxicity in vitro assays at a concentration factor close to 1, without the risk of losing known or unknown compounds during an extraction procedure.
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| 9. |
- Pohl, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ozonated sewage effluent on reproduction and behavioral endpoints in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Aquatic Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-445X .- 1879-1514. ; 200, s. 93-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmaceutical residues and other micro-contaminants may enter aquatic environments through effluent from sewage treatment plants (STPs) and could cause adverse effects in wild fish. One strategy to alleviate this situation is to improve wastewater treatment by ozonation. To test the effectiveness of full-scale wastewater effluent ozonation at a Swedish municipal STP, the added removal efficiency was measured for 105 pharmaceuticals. In addition, gene expression, reproductive and behavioral endpoints were analyzed in zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed on-site over 21 days to ozonated or non-ozonated effluents as well as to tap water. Ozone treatment (7 g O-3/m(3)) removed pharmaceuticals by an average efficiency of 77% in addition to the conventional treatment, leaving 11 screened pharmaceuticals above detection limits. Differences in biological responses of the exposure treatments were recorded in gene expression, reproduction and behavior. Hepatic vitellogenin gene expression was higher in male zebrafish exposed to the ozonated effluent compared to the non-ozonated effluent and tap water treatments. The reproductive success was higher in fish exposed to ozonated effluent compared to non-ozonated effluent and to tap water. The behavioral measurements showed that fish exposed to the ozonated STP effluent were less active in swimming the first minute after placed in a novel vessel. Ozonation is a capable method for removing pharmaceuticals in effluents. However, its implementation should be thoroughly evaluated for any potential biological impact. Future research is needed for uncovering the factors which produced the in vivo responses in fish.
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| 10. |
- Pohl, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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Embryotoxicity of ozonated diclofenac, carbamazepine, and oxazepam in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 225, s. 191-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pharmaceutical residues are polluting the surface water environments worldwide. Sewage and wastewater treatment, therefore, needs to be improved in order to remove pharmaceutical residues from the effluent. One such treatment improvement is effluent ozonation. Even though ozonation has proven to be very efficient in reducing pharmaceutical parent compound concentrations in wastewater effluents, much remains unclear regarding potentially toxic ozonation by-product (OBP) formation. In this study, we sought to elucidate the aquatic toxicity of ozonated pharmaceuticals in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in a static 144 h post fertilization (hpf) fish embryotoxicity (ZFET) assay. Three pharmaceuticals commonly detected in wastewater effluents, i.e. carbamazepine, diclofenac, and oxazepam, were selected for testing. Toxicity was assessed before and after 1 min ozonation (0.053 mg L-1 peak O-3 concentration) and 10 min ozonation (0.147 mg L-1 peak O-3 concentration). Chemical analysis showed that carbamazepine and diclofenac were largely removed by ozone (90 +/- 11% and 97 +/- 3.8%), whereas oxazepam was removed to a lesser extent (19 +/- 5.7%). The ZFET assay revealed diverging toxicities. Diclofenac embryotoxicity decreased with increasing ozonation. Oxazepam did not cause embryotoxicity in the ZFET assay either pre- or post ozonation, but larvae swimming activity was affected at 144 hpf. Carbamazepine embryotoxicity, on the other hand, increased with increasing ozonation. Chemical analysis showed the formation of two OBPs (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide and 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine), possibly explaining the increased embryotoxicity. The results of this study highlight the importance of new chemical and toxicological knowledge regarding the formation of OBPs in post-ozonated effluents. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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