| 1. |
- Wasenius, Niko S, et al.
(författare)
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Low-cost exercise interventions improve long-term cardiometabolic health independently of a family history of type 2 diabetes : a randomized parallel group trial
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMJ open diabetes research & care. - : BMJ. - 2052-4897. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effect of an exercise prescription and a 1-year supervised exercise intervention, and the modifying effect of the family history of type 2 diabetes (FH), on long-term cardiometabolic health.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: For this prospective randomized trial, we recruited non-diabetic participants with poor fitness (n=1072, 30-70 years). Participants were randomly assigned with stratification for FH either in the exercise prescription group (PG, n=144) or the supervised exercise group (EG, n=146) group and compared with a matched control group from the same population study (CON, n=782). The PG and EG received exercise prescriptions. In addition, the EG attended supervised exercise sessions two times a week for 60 min for 12 months. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at baseline, 1 year, 5 years, and 6 years. The CON group received no intervention and was measured at baseline and 6 years.RESULTS: The EG reduced their body weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) but not physical fitness (p=0.074) or insulin or glucose regulation (p>0.1) compared with the PG at 1 year and 5 years (p≤0.011). The observed differences were attenuated at 6 years; however, participants in the both intervention groups significantly improved their blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and insulin sensitivity compared with the population controls (p≤0.003). FH modified LDL-C and waist circumference responses to exercise at 1 year and 5 years.CONCLUSIONS: Low-cost physical activity programs have long-term beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health regardless of the FH of diabetes. Given the feasibility and low cost of these programs, they should be advocated to promote cardiometabolic health.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02131701.
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| 3. |
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Deweyan transactionalism in education : Beyond self-action and inter-action
- 2022
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Philosophers of education are largely unaware of Dewey's concept of transactionalism, yet it is implicit in much of his philosophy, educational or otherwise from the late 1890s onwards. Written by scholars from Belgium, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and the USA, this book shows how transactionalism can offer an entirely new way of understanding teaching and learning, the individual and sociocultural dimension of education, and educational research. The contributors show how the concept helps us to see beyond an array of false dualisms, such as mind versus body, self versus society, and organism versus environment, as well as an equally vast array of binaries, such as inside-outside, presence-absence, and male-female. They introduce the key critical ideas that transactionalism represents including emergence; living in a world without a within; the temporally and extensionally distributed nature of meaning, mind, and self. The use and elaboration of transactionalism is grounded in philosophical inquires and in empirical analyses of practices in formal and informal settings including values education, early childhood education, biology education, museum education, coding and computer science, Oceanographic and Atmospheric study, policy reform, play, and the Covid-19 pandemic.
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| 4. |
- Eklöf, Johan S., 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of seasonal spawning closures on pike (Esox lucius L.) and perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) catches and coastal food webs in the western Baltic Sea
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fisheries Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-7836 .- 1872-6763. ; 263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine protected areas have become one of the main tools in the battle to curb marine biodiversity loss and habitat degradation. Yet, implementation of permanent fishery closures has often generated resource user conflicts that ultimately undermine conservation goals. Here we assessed the influence of an alternative and often more accepted measure – seasonal fish spawning closures – on large predatory fish and coastal food webs in the western Baltic Sea (Sweden). In spring 2017, we conducted a multivariable field survey in 11 seasonal closures and 11 paired references areas open to fishing. In each area, pike was sampled through angling, and perch and mesopredators through gillnet surveys. To assess trophic cascades, we measured zooplankton abundance and loss of tethered gammarids from predation. Catches per unit effort of northern pike (Esox lucius) – the main target species in recreational fisheries – were ca. 2.5 times higher per unit effort in closures than reference areas; an effect that may be caused by higher abundance and/or higher catchability of pike in the absence of fishing. Catch and weight per unit effort of the more common predator European perch (Perca fluviatilus), and the mesopredators roach (Rutilus rutilus) and three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in survey nets were, however, unaffected by closures. Moreover, a previously hypothesized trophic cascade from perch to zooplankton via three-spined stickleback was supported by the analyses, but appeared independent of closures. Yet, predation risk for tethered gammarid amphipods (a prey of stickleback and an important grazer on macroalgae) was three times higher in fished areas than in closures; a cascading closure effect that may potentially be caused by small predatory fish being less active in protected areas to avoid pike predation. Overall, our results suggest that spawning closures impact pike abundance and/or behavior and could help limit the effects of fishing, but that more research is needed to disentangle i) what mechanism(s) that underlie the protection effect on pike catches, ii) the apparently weaker closure impacts on other fish species, as well as iii) the potential for cascading effects on lower trophic levels. Therefore, new seasonal spawning closures should be implemented in addition to (and not instead of) much-needed permanent closures, which have well-known effects on the wider ecosystem.
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| 6. |
- Garg, Sonakshi, 1998-, et al.
(författare)
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Poisoning attacks on federated learning for autonomous driving
- 2024
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Ingår i: 14th Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence SCAI 2024, June 10-11, 2024, Jönköping, Sweden. - : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789180757096 ; , s. 11-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized learning paradigm, enabling parties to collaboratively train models while keeping their data confidential. Within autonomous driving, it brings the potential of reducing data storage costs, reducing bandwidth requirements, and to accelerate the learning. FL is, however, susceptible to poisoning attacks. In this paper, we introduce two novel poisoning attacks on FL tailored to regression tasks within autonomous driving: FLStealth and Off-Track Attack (OTA). FLStealth, an untargeted attack, aims at providing model updates that deteriorate the global model performance while appearing benign. OTA, on the other hand, is a targeted attack with the objective to change the global model's behavior when exposed to a certain trigger. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our attacks by conducting comprehensive experiments pertaining to the task of vehicle trajectory prediction. In particular, we show that, among five different untargeted attacks, FLStealth is the most successful at bypassing the considered defenses employed by the server.For OTA, we demonstrate the inability of common defense strategies to mitigate the attack, highlighting the critical need for new defensive mechanisms against targeted attacks within FL for autonomous driving.
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| 7. |
- Garrison, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Deweyan Transactionalism in Education. - : Bloomsbury Academic. - 9781350233317 - 9781350233348 ; , s. 1-16
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Garrison, Jim, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2022
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Ingår i: Deweyan transactionalism in education <em></em>. - London : Bloomsbury Academic. - 9781350233317 ; , s. 1-16
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Lancho Serrano, Alejandro, 1991, et al.
(författare)
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A Finite-Blocklength Analysis for URLLC with Massive MIMO
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Communications. - 1550-3607. ; June 2021
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a rigorous finite-blocklength framework for the characterization and the numerical evaluation of the packet error probability achievable in the uplink and downlink of Massive MIMO for ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). The framework encompasses imperfect channel-state information, pilot contamination, spatially correlated channels, and arbitrary linear signal processing. For a practical URLLC network setup involving base stations with M = 100 antennas, we show by means of numerical results that a target error probability of 10-5 can be achieved with MMSE channel estimation and multicell MMSE signal processing, uniformly over each cell, only if orthogonal pilot sequences are assigned to all the users in the network. For the same setting, an alternative solution with lower computational complexity, based on least-squares channel estimation and regularized zero-forcing signal processing, does not suffice unless M is increased significantly.
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