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Trends, composition...
Trends, composition, and sources of carbonaceous aerosol at the Birkenes Observatory, northern Europe, 2001-2018
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- Espen Yttri, Karl (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Canonaco, Francesco (författare)
- Paul Scherrer Institut
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- Eckhardt, S. (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Evangeliou, Nikolaos (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Fiebig, Markus (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Gundersen, Hans (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Hjellbrekke, Anne Gunn (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Lund Myhre, Cathrine (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Matthew Platt, Stephen (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Prevot, A.S.H. (författare)
- Paul Scherrer Institut
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- Simpson, David, 1961 (författare)
- Meteorologisk institutt,Norwegian Meteorological Institute,Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Solberg, S. (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Surratt, J. D. (författare)
- The University of North Carolina,The University of North Carolina System
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- Torseth, K. (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Uggerud, Hilde (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Vadset, Marit (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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- Wan, Xin (författare)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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- Aas, Wenche (författare)
- Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU),Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU)
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2021-05-11
- 2021
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 21:9, s. 7149-7170
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https://research.cha... (primary) (free)
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https://acp.copernic...
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https://doi.org/10.5...
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https://research.cha...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- We present 18 years (2001-2018) of aerosol measurements, including organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), organic tracers (levoglucosan, arabitol, mannitol, trehalose, glucose, and 2-methyltetrols), trace elements, and ions, at the Birkenes Observatory (southern Norway) - a site representative of the northern European region. The OC=EC (2001-2018) and the levoglucosan (2008-2018) time series are the longest in Europe, with OC=EC available for the PM10, PM2:5 (fine), and PM10-2:5 (coarse) size fractions, providing the opportunity for a nearly 2-decade-long assessment. Using positive matrix factorization (PMF), we identify seven carbonaceous aerosol sources at Birkenes: mineraldust- dominated aerosol (MIN), traffic/industry-like aerosol (TRA/IND), short-range-transported biogenic secondary organic aerosol (BSOASRT), primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP), biomass burning aerosol (BB), ammoniumnitrate- dominated aerosol (NH4NO3), and (one low carbon fraction) sea salt aerosol (SS). We observed significant (p < 0:05), large decreases in EC in PM10 (-3:9%yr-1) and PM2:5 (-4:2%yr-1) and a smaller decline in levoglucosan (-2:8%yr-1), suggesting that OC=EC from traffic and industry is decreasing, whereas the abatement of OC=EC from biomass burning has been slightly less successful. EC abatement with respect to anthropogenic sources is further supported by decreasing EC fractions in PM2:5 (-3:9%yr-1) and PM10 (-4:5%yr-1). PMF apportioned 72% of EC to fossil fuel sources; this was further supported by PMF applied to absorption photometer data, which yielded a two-factor solution with a low aerosol ngstr m exponent (AAED0.93) fraction, assumed to be equivalent black carbon from fossil fuel combustion (eBCFF), contributing 78% to eBC mass. The higher AAE fraction (AAED2.04) is likely eBC from BB (eBCBB). Source-receptor model calculations (FLEXPART) showed that continental Europe and western Russia were the main source regions of both elevated eBCBB and eBCFF. Dominating biogenic sources explain why there was no downward trend for OC. A relative increase in the OC fraction in PM2:5 (C3:2%yr-1) and PM10 (C2:4%yr-1) underscores the importance of biogenic sources at Birkenes (BSOA and PBAP), which were higher in the vegetative season and dominated both fine (53 %) and coarse (78 %) OC. Furthermore, 77 %-91% of OC in PM2:5, PM10-2:5, and PM10 was attributed to biogenic sources in summer vs. 22 %- 37% in winter. The coarse fraction had the highest share of biogenic sources regardless of season and was dominated by PBAP, except in winter. Our results show a shift in the aerosol composition at Birkenes and, thus, also in the relative source contributions. The need for diverse offline and online carbonaceous aerosol speciation to understand carbonaceous aerosol sources, including their seasonal, annual, and long-term variability, has been demonstrated.
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Naturgeografi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Physical Geography (hsv//eng)
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Espen Yttri, Kar ...
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Canonaco, France ...
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Eckhardt, S.
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Evangeliou, Niko ...
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Fiebig, Markus
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Gundersen, Hans
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Hjellbrekke, Ann ...
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Lund Myhre, Cath ...
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Matthew Platt, S ...
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Prevot, A.S.H.
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Simpson, David, ...
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Solberg, S.
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Surratt, J. D.
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Torseth, K.
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Uggerud, Hilde
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Vadset, Marit
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Wan, Xin
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Aas, Wenche
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