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- Pansell, T, et al.
(författare)
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Ophthalmologic findings in patients with non-surgically treated blowout fractures
- 2012
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Ingår i: Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction. - : SAGE Publications. - 1943-3875 .- 1943-3883. ; 5:1, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluated the ocular and visual status in a group of patients with a non-surgically treated blowout fracture. Clinical examination with refraction, test of binocular function, and tear film evaluation was performed in 23 patients. These values were statistically correlated with the orbital volume measurements and ocular finding from the patient records at presentation. About 50% of the study group was symptomatic due to low visual acuity from refractive errors and decompensated phorias as a consequence of the blowout fracture. Several patients displayed changes in tear film production. There was no strong correlation between the measured parameters and orbital volume measurements. Patients with a non-surgically treated blowout fracture often display ocular and visual changes after discharge. A routine visual exam is advocated in all patients after the ocular status has stabilized after a blowout fracture.
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- Richter, Hans O., et al.
(författare)
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Stabilization of gaze : A relationship between ciliary muscle contraction and trapezius muscle activity
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vision Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0042-6989 .- 1878-5646. ; 50:23, s. 2559-2569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an experimental study four levels of oculomotor load were induced binocularly. Trapezius muscle activity was measured with bipolar surface electromyography and normalized to a submaximal contraction. Twenty-eight subjects with a mean age of 29 (range 19–42, std 8) viewed a high-contrast fixationt arget for four 5-min periods through: (i) 3.5 dioptre (D) lenses; (ii) 0 D lenses; (iii) individuallya djusted prism D lenses (1–2 D base out); and (iv) +3.5 D lenses. The target was placed close to thei ndividual’s age-appropriate near point of accommodation in conditions (i–iii) and at 3 m in condition( iv). Each subject’s ability to compensate for the added blur was extracted via infrared photorefraction measurements. A bitwise linear regression model was fitted on group level with eye-lens refraction on the x-axis and normalized trapezius muscle EMG (%RVE) on the y -axis. The model had a constant level of trapezius muscle activity – where subjects had not compensated for the incurred defocus by a change in eye-lens accommodation – and a slope, where the subjects had compensated. The slope coefficient was significantly positive in the D (i) and the +D blur conditions (iv). During no blur (ii) and prism blur (iii) there were no signs of relationships. Nor was there any sign of relationship between the convergence response and trapezius muscle EMG in any of the experimental conditions. The results appear directly attributable to an engagement of the eye-lens accommodative system and most likely reflect sensorimotor processing along its reflex arc for the purpose of achieving stabilization of gaze
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