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- Abeysekera, John, et al.
(författare)
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The identification of factors in the systematic evaluation of slip prevention on icy surfaces
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - 0169-8141 .- 1872-8219. ; 28:5, s. 303-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Slips and falls on icy roads often result in fractures or sprains and is a major problem in Nordic countries. Walking trials by 25 subjects wearing four types of winter shoes on five different icy walking surfaces provided subjective and objective measures of tendency to slip and number of slips, respectively. Since friction is a major determinant of a slip, the influence of material spread on icy surfaces, the surface temperatures and the shoe soling characteristics versus the Coefficient of Friction (COF) of the shoes were measured. Sand and gravel on icy roads had positive effects on improving COF. The study revealed that the aetiology of slips and falls is multi-faceted and attempts to solve the problem must adopt a systems approach. Perception of risk, aging, training, experience and postural balance are other factors to be considered in preventing slips and falls. Future research should concentrate on the degree of impact of each factor to the aetiology of slips and falls, which can help to decide priority action in preventing slips and falls.
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- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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A systems perspective of slip and fall accidents on icy and snowy surfaces
- 2004
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 47:5, s. 573-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current research on slips and falls has mainly focused on floors and/or contaminated floors. Although icy and snowy surfaces near melting temperature are more slippery, more important still, slip and falls on icy and snowy surfaces involve not only outdoor workers, but also pedestrians and the general public; and occur in cold regions and in the winter season in many parts of the world. However, in comparison with the size of the problem, research work done so far in this area has been limited. The objective of this paper is to present a systems perspective of slip and fall accidents, with special focus on its occurrence on icy and snowy surfaces. In order to explore the aetiology of slip and fall accidents further, and to provide the basis for prevention, the authors put forward a systems model towards the slips and falls on icy and snowy surfaces based on a review of literature and current knowledge. Various contributing factors are systematically discussed to highlight the multi-factorial nature of the problem, providing the possibility of a multi-faceted approach to reach systematic prevention. Unresolved issues related to slips and falls on ice and snow are also identified, which necessitate further research.
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- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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Perception of slipperiness, thermal comfort and wearability of footwear used on icy surfaces
- 2000
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Ingår i: Ergonomics for the new Millenium. - : Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. - 0945289138 ; , s. 522-525
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this study are to assess the perception of slipperiness, thermal comfort, and wearability of footwear used on icy surfaces, and the anti-slip effect of materials spread on ice using outdoor walking trials. Twenty-five subjects wore four types of footwear walking on five different icy surfaces. A five-point rating scale was used recording wearer's perception. The results showed that pure ice was perceived as very slippery. Spreading sand (180 g/m2) greatly decreased the slipperiness. Slip resistance, thermal insulation and wearability of footwear chosen were not properly integrated, and were ranked differently in four types of footwear. In addition to thermal insulation, prevention of slip and fall hazard by improving anti-slip property and wearability must also be priorities for development of footwear for use in a cold climate.
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- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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Slip resistant properties of footwear on ice
- 2004
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Ingår i: Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0014-0139 .- 1366-5847. ; 47:6, s. 710-716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current research on slipperiness of footwear has mainly focused on floors and lubricated floors. Slips and falls on icy and snowy surfaces involve not only outdoor workers, but also pedestrians and the general public; and occur in cold regions and in winter season in many parts of the world. However, in comparison with the size of the problem, research on slips and falls on icy and snowy surfaces has been scarce. The objective of this paper is to explore the slip resistant properties of footwear (soling materials, roughness and hardness) on ice. The coefficients of kinetic friction of four different soling materials (synthetic rubber, nitrile rubber, natural rubber and polyurethane) were measured on ice (-12°C). The outsole roughness and hardness were also measured. Results showed that the polyurethane soling did not perform better than synthetic rubber, nitrile rubber and natural rubber on pure hard ice (-12°C). Soling roughness was positively correlated with the coefficient of kinetic friction. The most slip resistant soling material (polyurethane) on floors and lubricated floors may not provide sufficient slip resistance on ice.
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- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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Slips and falls on ice and snow in relation to experience in winter climate and winter sport
- 2004
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 42:6, s. 537-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper was to investigate whether living experience in winter climate and winter sport helps to prevent slips and falls on ice and snow. A questionnaire survey was conducted among foreigners at Luleå University of Technology of Sweden, where winter season lasts for six months in a year. Seventy respondents replied. The results of ordinal regression showed that the slip frequency according to a 5-point rating scale decreased as the living experience in cold environments increased (B=-0.0113, p=0.019). A logistic regression was applied to model the probability of fall events occurrence based on the experience of living in cold climate. The results showed that the fall events reduced as living experience increased (B=-0.030, p=0.001). Chi-square test showed that fall events in those who took part in winter sport were significantly less than in those who did not participate in winter sport (χ2=10.745, p=0.001). The findings imply that experience of living in cold environments and training in gait balance on ice and snow can have positive effects in preventing slips and falls for inexperienced workers and pedestrians. This study also revealed that the majority of fall events happened on hard ice covered with snow while wearing ordinary winter footwear, indicating the need to improve slip resistance.
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- Gao, Chuansi, et al.
(författare)
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The assessment of the integration of slip resistance, thermal insulation and wearability of footwear on icy surfaces
- 2002
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Ingår i: Safety Science. - 0925-7535 .- 1879-1042. ; 40:7-8, s. 613-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prevention of slip hazard in frozen environments is not paid much attention. Current winter and safety footwear does not provide sufficient slip resistance and appropriate wearability for use on icy surfaces. The objectives of this study were to assess the integration of slip resistance, thermal insulation, and wearability of footwear used on icy surfaces, and the anti-slip effect of materials spread on ice using outdoor walking trials. Twenty-five subjects wore four types of footwear walking on five different icy surfaces. A five-point rating scale was used recording wearer's perceptions of slipperiness, thermal comfort and wearability. The results showed that pure ice was perceived as very slippery. Spreading sand (180 g/m(2)) greatly decreased the slipperiness. Slip resistance, thermal insulation and wearability of footwear tested were not properly integrated, and were ranked differently. The tested winter and safety footwear did not provide Sufficient slip resistance and good wearability. In addition to thermal insulation, prevention of slip and fall hazard by improving anti-slip property and wearability must also be priorities for development of footwear for use in cold climate.
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