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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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- Shahid, M., et al.
(författare)
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Serratia sp. CP-13 augments the growth of cadmium (Cd)-stressed Linum usitatissimum L. by limited Cd uptake, enhanced nutrient acquisition and antioxidative potential
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Microbiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1364-5072 .- 1365-2672. ; 126:6, s. 1708-1721
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The current study was aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects and bioremediation potential of a Cd-tolerant bacterial strain, Serratia sp. CP-13, on the physiological and biochemical functions of Linum usitatissimum L., under Cd stress.Methods and Results: The bacterial strain was isolated from the wastewater collection point of Chakera, Faisalabad, Pakistan, as this place contains industrial wastewater of the Faisalabad region. The Serratia sp. CP-13, identified through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, exhibited a significant phyto-beneficial potential in terms of in vitro inorganic phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid production and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity. Effects of Serratia sp. CP-13 inoculation on L. usitatissimum were evaluated by growing the plants in CdCl2 (0, 5 or 10 mg kg(-1) dry soil)-spiked soil. Without inoculation of Serratia sp. CP-13, Cd stress significantly reduced the plant biomass as well as the quantity of proteins and photosynthetic pigments due to enhanced H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and impaired nutrient homeostasis. Subsequently, Serratia sp. CP-13 increased the plant fresh and dry biomass, plant antioxidation capacity, whereas it decreased the lipid peroxidation under Cd stress. In parallel, Serratia sp. inoculation assisted the Cd-stressed plants to maintain an optimum level of nutrients (K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe and Mn).Conclusions: The isolated bacterial strain (Serratia sp. CP-13) when applied to Cd-stressed L. usitatissimum inhibited the Cd uptake, reduced Cd-induced lipid peroxidation, maintained the optimum level of nutrients and thereby, enhanced L. usitatissimum growth. The analysis of bio-concentration and translocation factor revealed that L. usitatissimum with Serratia sp. CP-13 inoculation sequestered Cd in plant rhizospheric zone.Significance and Impact of the Study: Serratia sp. CP-13 inoculation is a potential candidate for the development of low Cd-accumulating linseed and could be used for phytostabilization of Cd-contaminated rhizosphere/soil colloids.
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- Al-Madhlom, Qais, et al.
(författare)
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Seepage Velocity of Dibdibba Formation in Karbala, Iraq
- 2017
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Ingår i: Engineering. - : Scientific Research Publishing. - 1947-3931 .- 1947-394X. ; 9:3, s. 279-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iraq highly depends on its surface water resources. Now it is facing water shortage problems. For these reasons, the utilization of groundwater will be increasing with time. Karbala Governorate is located in the central part of Iraq. It covers an area of 5034 km2 and the population exceeds one million. It is characterized by an arid or semiarid environment. Karbala Governorate lack surface water resource and consequently, groundwater is the only available resource. The main groundwater aquifer within the area is Dibdibba formation. It is composed of poorly sorted sand and sand stone with gravel. In this research hydrological and hydrogeological information were used to find out the magnitude and the direction of groundwater seepage velocity. The results indicate that groundwater flow toward the flood plain to the east of the study region. The seepage velocity ranges from 0 to 0.18 m/d, with a general increase when moving from the west to the east.
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- Ghorbani, H., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of heat-treatment and sample preparation on physical properties of XLPE DC cable insulation material
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation. - : IEEE Press. - 1070-9878 .- 1558-4135. ; 23:5, s. 2508-2516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power cables with extruded crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation are used in HVAC and HVDC applications. These cables usually go through a degassing process to remove the methane formed in XLPE during the cross-linking reactions. In case of HVDC cables, the general belief is that the polar peroxide decomposition products (PDP) content significantly influences the conduction and space charge behavior of XLPE. This belief is mainly based on the results of experiments made on thin XLPE samples with different heat-treatments; but since heat-treatment also influences the morphology of the polymer, it is necessary to consider this effect as well. It is common to use polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film as a protective layer during sample press molding. Studies on the influence of the pressing film on the electrical properties of the sample are rare. In this work, the results of a series of experiments performed on 0.5 mm thick XLPE plaque samples in reference to additive free LDPE samples with different heat-treatment times are presented. Beside the PDP content, the morphology, DC conductivity and polarization properties are studied and analyzed. It was found that the pressing film used during sample preparation has a significant effect on the results and if not corrected, it may lead to wrong conclusions about the influence of the PDP content. Eliminating the effect of the pressing film, no clear correlation between the DC conductivity, dielectric loss and the PDP content was observed. The relation between the PDP content and DC conductivity is not found to be obvious, hence this correlation may need to be further evaluated.
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- Zou, J, et al.
(författare)
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A primer on deep learning in genomics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 51:1, s. 12-18
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