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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus
(författare)
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Analytic Input to Societal Emergency Management - On the Design of Methods
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Information from performed risk and vulnerability analyses, evaluation of responses in relation to actual emergencies etcetera can be very useful in efforts directed at preventing, mitigating and/or preparing for future emergencies. This thesis focuses on the development of methods for such analysis and evaluation. A general process for systematic design of methods is introduced and discussed and some of the main types of analytic input to societal emergency management are examined in terms of how methods for analysis should be constructed to fulfil their purpose. Furthermore, the importance of values and preferences in any design process is emphasised and two descriptive studies directed at investigating people’s preferences regarding potential negative outcomes of unwanted events are presented.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical Input to Emergency Preparedness at the Municipal Level – a Case Study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Disaster Recovery and Relief: Current & Future Approaches (TIEMS 2007).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper an approach for employing risk and vulnerability analyses as the basis for emergency preparedness planning is discussed and exemplified using a case study. The study consisted of three connected parts: a broad scope hazard identification and analysis, an assessment of potential assistance needs should any of the hazards materialise and finally a mapping of actors and dependencies. The case study was conducted as a series of workshops, involving key actors from the studied municipality. Some thirty hazard scenarios, originating from five different categories; accidents, epidemics, infrastructure/utilities breakdown/interruption, criminal activity and socially induced scenarios were identified, described and initially evaluated in terms of possible consequences over a range of predefined attributes. In the next step, an analysis of potential assistance needs that may evolve during the identified scenarios was undertaken. Furthermore, an effort was made to identify municipal actors of central importance in the management of potential emergency scenarios, their respective tasks, resources and dependence on service from various technical infrastructures, other actors etc. Examples from the resulting overview of potential emergency scenarios, generated assistance needs and emergency management actors, tasks, resources and dependencies are presented and discussed, alongside with some implications for societal preparedness activities.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Abrahamsson, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Risk preferences regarding multiple fatalities and some implications for societal risk decision making-an empirical study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 9:7, s. 703-715
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk preferences related to accidents or other situations involving the possibility of multiple fatalities were studied in 87 persons in Sweden belonging to two separate groups with professional or educational knowledge of risk- and crisis-management issues. Use was made of a tradeoff method, the results obtained consisting of von Neuman-Morgenstern utility functions over the range of 0-1000 fatalities. Most of the utility curves for the number of fatalities were found to be convex, implying the majority of subjects to display risk-seeking behaviour. Implications of the findings for societal risk decision making are discussed, along with prospective areas of application and the possibilities of considering other dimensions than the number of fatalities.
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| 6. |
- Brunner, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Ambient Networks Management
- 2005. - 1
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Ingår i: IEEE MATA 2005 Second International Workshop on Mobility Aware Technologies and Applications.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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An Operational Definition of Emergency Response Capabilities
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Disaster Recovery and Relief: Current & Future Approaches (TIEMS 2007).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Well developed emergency response capabilities are crucial in order to keep the risk in a community at low levels. Analysing these capabilities before an emergency occurs is important since it can identify weaknesses and possibilities for improvements. To start off from an operational definition is a possible point of departure in such an analysis. In this paper, therefore, we develop an operational definition of emergency response capabilities, which builds on systems theory and an operational definition of risk. The definition includes three essential elements; the task to which the capability is related, measures of how well that task can be performed and a description of the context affecting the performance of that particular task. The definition makes clear that the context might have large effects on how well a task can be performed and that there are uncertainties both regarding the context and how well a task can be performed given a context. Furthermore, we argue that it should be possible to make judgements about any statements that are made in the analysis regarding their validity and therefore the tasks and performance measures must be defined accordingly. The conclusion is that the operational definition provides an analytic structure which can help actors to gain knowledge about their emergency response capabilities and limits thereof.
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| 8. |
- Hassel, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the Seriousness of Disasters: An Empirical Study of Preferences
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emergency Management. - 1471-4825. ; 6:1, s. 33-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In making societal decisions concerning hazards with potentially disastrous consequences it is important to have soundly based knowledge of how people evaluate the seriousness of disasters. In the present study a group of students evaluated the seriousness of disasters described in terms of four basic attributes (and their ranges): number of fatalities (0-1000), number of serious injuries (0-4000), economic loss (0-40 billion SEK), and cause of the disaster (natural, accidental, terrorism). Attribute weights were elicited by two separate methods, which taken together provides insight into the stability and the uncertainty of the weights elicited. Most participants regarded attributes related to physical harm, especially the number of fatalities, a finding that, however, must be seen in relation to the ranges of the attributes. In addition, the cause of a disaster also affected many of the participants’ judgments of its seriousness. The findings of this paper are of value to societal decision making, particularly in the case of projects of small to medium size in which specific elicitations of stakeholders’ values are rarely made.
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| 9. |
- Schütz, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Design and implementation of the node identity internetworking architecture
- 2008. - 1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Internet Protocol (IP) has been proven very flexible, being able to accommodate all kinds of link technologies and supporting a broad range of applications. The basic principles of the original Internet architecture include end-to-end addressing, global routeability and a single namespace of IP addresses that unintentionally serves both as locators and host identifiers. The commercial success and widespread use of the Internet have lead to new requirements, which include internetworking over business boundaries, mobility and multi-homing in an untrusted environment. Our approach to satisfy these new requirements is to introduce a new internetworking layer, the node identity layer. Such a layer runs on top of the different versions of IP, but could also run directly on top of other kinds of network technologies, such as MPLS and 2G/3G PDP contexts. This approach enables connectivity across different communication technologies, supports mobility, multi-homing, and security from ground up. This paper describes the Node Identity Architecture in detail and discusses the experiences from implementing and running a prototype.
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