| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Calcitonin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the human prostate gland
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - 0270-4137. ; 44:3, s. 181-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Calcitonin-related peptides have been found in the human prostate, and calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been demonstrated in subpopulations of neuroendocrine (NE) cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of CT and CGRP as well as the densities of NE cells in normal prostates, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and carcinoma of the prostate (CAP). METHODS: In 42 specimens of radical prostatectomy, the number of CT- and CGRP-immunoreactive NE cells in areas of normal and BPH tissue was determined, and compared with CAP tissue using immunocytochemistry. In addition, by radioimmunoassay (RIA), tissue levels of CT and CGRP were analyzed in extracts from areas of normal, BPH, and CAP tissue, as verified by adjacent histologic sections. RESULTS: A significant decrease in CT-immunoreactive NE cells was observed in hyperplastic nodules of BPH in comparison to normal tissue. These findings were in parallel with a significant reduction in tissue CT level in BPH compared to normal tissue. There was also a marked, but statistically nonsignificant, reduction in CT levels in CAP tissue. In contrast, levels of CGRP in BPH and CAP tissue did not show any significant differences compared to normal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: CT and CGRP are present in NE cells of the human prostate. Calcitonin levels are significantly reduced in BPH, in parallel with a decreased number of CT-immunoreactive NE cells, whereas no significant changes in tissue levels of CGRP were observed. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.
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| 2. |
- Acosta, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroendocrine cells and nerves in the prostate of the guinea pig: effects of peripheral denervation and castration
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - 0270-4137. ; 46:3, s. 191-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine (NE) cells and nerves in the prostate gland are thought to play a central role in the regulation of growth, cellular differentiation and homeostasis of secretory activity. The objective of this experimental study was to describe the effects of peripheral denervation and castration on NE cells and nerves in the guinea pig prostate. METHODS: Guinea pigs underwent sham-operation, unilateral and bilateral hypogastric nerve resection, extirpation of the right anterior major pelvic ganglion (AMPG), autotransplantation of prostatic tissue and castration. Cryostat sections of prostatic tissue were examined with immunohistochemistry by using serotonin (5-HT) and chromogranin A (CgA) and various neuropeptides. RESULTS: The number of 5-HT-IR NE cells was four-fold higher than CgA-IR NE cells. The innervation pattern was uniform throughout the gland with subepithelial nerves in close proximity to NE cells. Autotransplants of prostatic tissue showed total loss of nerves, but the number and morphology of 5-HT-IR NE cells were unaltered. Extirpation of the right AMPG showed significant reduction in prostate weight, decreased density of nerve terminals in the superior part of the ipsilateral prostate, whereas the number and morphological feature of 5-HT-IR NE cells remained unaffected in the entire prostate. Castration induced atrophy of the gland with a significant reduction in weight (unpaired t-test, P < 0.001), but without effect upon 5-HT-IR NE cells. CONCLUSIONS: The guinea pig seems to be a useful animal model for studies on the role of the NE cells in the prostate. NE cells seem to be independent of innervation and androgens. It seems that other factors influence the NE cell population to a greater extent.
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| 3. |
- Ceder, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes 2 and 4 in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer.
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 53:1, s. 50-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The presence of receptor subtypes for the inhibitory peptide somatostatin in prostatic tissue has been a controversial issue with conflicting reports. To elucidate whether prostatic epithelial cells express mRNA for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtype 2 and 4, we have investigated the localization of SSTR2 and SSTR4 transcripts in prostatic tissues by in situ hybridization. METHODS: Nonradioactive in situ hybridization was performed with specific fluorescein-labeled SSTR2 and SSTR4 riboprobes on consecutive sections of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer tissues. RESULTS: We report, for the first time, tissue localization of SSTR2 and SSTR4 mRNA in BPH and malignant cells of human prostate. Hybridization signals for SSTR4 mRNA transcripts were confined to the prostatic epithelium (12 of 16 BPH cases, and in 12 of 13 carcinoma cases), whereas SSTR2 transcripts were predominantly localized in the stromal compartment but also were detectable in epithelial cells in a significant number of specimens (11 of 17 BPH cases, and in 12 of 14 carcinoma cases). Furthermore, the staining intensity for SSTR2 and SSTR4 transcripts is stronger in malignant cells compared with adjacent BPH epithelium. CONCLUSION: The data presented suggest that the expression of SSTR2 and SSTR4 transcripts is up-regulated in malignant cells and that not only SSTR2 agonists, but also compounds targeting the SSTR4 subtype may have a potential role in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Abrahamsson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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From QoS provisioning to QoS charging
- 2002. - 1
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Internet Charging and QoS Technologies, ICQT 2002. ; , s. 135-144
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Abrahamsson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Neuroendocrine Mediators in Prostate Cancer Progression
- 2002
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Ingår i: Expanding Role of Octreotide I: Advances in Oncology. - 1 901978 13 3 ; , s. 279-279
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent years have seen a number of exciting developments in the evolving and expanding role of somatostatin and its analog, octreotide, in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It is now clear that octreotide has potential applications not just in imaging, but also in medical therapy and radiotherapy. This book contains the papers from a symposium held in September 2001 in Noordwijk in The Netherlands where all of these varied aspects of the expanding role of octreotide in clinical oncology were discussed.
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| 10. |
- Abrahamsson, Per-Anders
(författare)
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Pathophysiology of bone metastases in prostate cancer
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Urology. Supplement. - : Elsevier BV. - 1569-9056. ; 3:5, s. 41342-41342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Men with advanced prostate cancer are at high risk for bone metastases that result in significant skeletal morbidity. This review discusses the pathophysiology of bone metastases in prostate cancer. Methods: Relevant information was identified through searches of published studies, abstracts from scientific meetings, and review articles. Results: Bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancer. Numerous growth factors present in the bone matrix are released during bone remodeling, potentially providing a fertile environment for the growth of tumor cells. Factors such as parathyroid hormone-related protein and interleukin-6 stimulate osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, thus enhancing the release of bone-derived growth factors. Prostate cancer cells secrete factors, including protease-activated receptor 1, that are involved in the multistep process of tumor cell detachment and migration to bone and factors that stimulate osteoblast-mediated bone formation, such as transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic proteins. In addition, prostate cancer cells produce endothelin-1, a peptide under intense investigation that stimulates the proliferation of osteoblasts and is thought to play a role in the development of osteoblastic bone lesions. These tumor-derived factors cause dysregulation of normal bone remodeling. Interactions between prostate tumor cells and the bone typically result in the formation of osteoblastic lesions characterized by increased osteolysis and uncoupled new bone formation. Preclinical evidence suggests that zoledronic acid has antitumor activity in animal models of prostate cancer. Conclusions: Bone metastasis is a complex process involving multiple molecular interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment resulting in disruption of bone remodeling. In patients with prostate cancer, bone lesions are primarily osteoblastic, but are also associated with increased osteolytic activity, resulting in marked increases in bone turnover and clinically significant morbidity. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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