| 1. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-
(författare)
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Do principals discriminate against school parents less when having close minority colleagues? A field experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Politics, Groups, and Identities. - : Routledge. - 2156-5503 .- 2156-5511. ; , s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interethnic contacts are generally assumed to reduce discrimination and prejudice. According to this optimistic view – and in conflict with Allport’s well-known theory – contacts have positive effects even when they are rather distant. However, findings of recent experimental field research indirectly cast doubt on this belief. To our knowledge, this is the first field experiment thoroughly investigating close as well as more distant contacts simultaneously. In a correspondence study (n = 3015), Swedish elementary school principals were randomly contacted by fictional parents with Arabic- or Swedish-sounding names asking school-related questions. The unique design also used registry data (e.g., on ethnicity). The results support Allport’s more pessimistic view: working closely with minority members of school management was associated with lower levels of ethnic discrimination regarding important qualitative aspects of the principals’ communication with the school parents, but no such pattern was observed for more distant workplace contacts with minority teachers.
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| 2. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-
(författare)
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Does poor health cause political passivity even in a Scandinavian welfare state? : Investigating the impact of self-rated health using Swedish panel data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electoral Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0261-3794 .- 1873-6890. ; 65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poor health is generally believed to cause political passivity. Prior studies that satisfactorily acknowledge the causality problems involved are mainly limited to considering turnout and the U.S.A., so we lack knowledge of how non-electoral participation is affected in other countries. This article considers Sweden, characterized by a generous welfare state and an extensive public health system. Using unique panel data, which allow more thorough analyses of causality, poor health was found to have a negative effect on voting but not on non-electoral participation. By primarily focusing on other countries than Sweden and the U.S.A., it is a task for future longitudinal research to show whether the belief that poor health lead to political passivity is incorrect—or whether Sweden is an exceptional case, due to the barriers to participation being particularly low there.
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| 3. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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Is the Positive Effect of Education on Ethnic Tolerance a Method Artifact? : A Multifactorial Survey Experiment on Social Desirability Bias in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of public opinion research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0954-2892 .- 1471-6909. ; 35:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Educated individuals are believed to be more tolerant towards ethnic minorities-a finding widely inferred from standard survey items. We propose a new approach that helps mitigate the risk of socially desirability bias (SDB), using a multifactorial survey experiment with name-based vignette dimensions. The experiment is strategically inserted into a question about a social dilemma not related to ethnicity. By embedding our experiment into an established survey-the Swedish part of the European Values Survey-we show that individuals with a high level of education are more tolerant towards ethnic minorities, even under a lower risk of SDB. The study strengthens findings in prior research and supports the hypothesis that education can further ethnic tolerance.
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| 4. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-
(författare)
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Swedish exceptionalism? : Investigating the effect of associational involvement on generalized trust with panel data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Civil Society. - : ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 1744-8689 .- 1744-8697. ; 16:1, s. 35-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For some time been it has been hypothesized that involvement in civic associations creates generalized social trust. Yet, prior panel data studies, based mainly on data collected in Australia, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, have found little support for the existence of such an effect. This article adds further empirical knowledge, focusing on Sweden. The evidence presented here is the first to provide support for the hypothesis using a survey that allows panel data models. In the conclusions, it is discussed whether the differing findings may depend on Sweden being a particularly favourable environment, considering its comparatively democratic and prosperous associational life; or if the reason is that the data at hand do not allow using exactly the same panel models as in some of the prior studies.
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| 5. |
- Gschwind, Lutz
(författare)
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Migration and social protection in European welfare states: Cui bono?
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Whether and under what conditions foreigners should be granted access to welfare benefits has been debated for as long as public welfare systems have existed. In contrast, research on the actual social protection of immigrants is still comparatively scarce in the welfare state literature. The dissertation contributes to an emerging body of research which addresses this ‘migrant gap’. It does so by introducing a new analytical lens. Rather than studying how immigrants gain access to formal social rights upon entry, it investigates how actual social benefits are distributed in relation to migrant-specific characteristics such as country of birth and length of residency. This perspective helps uncover how general welfare conditionalities – such as work-, membership and conduct-testing – affect the distribution of social protection in relation to cross-border migration without targeting the formal rights of immigrants specifically.In its examination of the relationship between welfare conditionality, migration and social protection, this thesis focuses on the provision of unemployment benefits in Western Europe welfare states in particular. Three independent empirical studies are conducted, using statistical analyses with administrative data. Their findings indicate that general work-related welfare conditionalities produce large gaps in benefit receipt between immigrants and native-born residents, particularly in countries that have so far been portrayed as comparatively inclusive in the welfare state literature. For disciplinary measures such as benefit sanctions, in contrast, immigrants are found to be less negatively affected. As a whole then, the dissertation demonstrates that the social protection of immigrants turns out to be much more complex as soon as we study the actual distribution of benefits inside and across countries with established welfare systems.
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| 6. |
- Jutvik, Kristoffer, 1984-
(författare)
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Governing Migration : On the Emergence and Effects of Policies Related to the Settlement and Inclusion of Refugees
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of the following papers: In Paper I, I investigate the causal relationship between seat majorities for mainstream parties and refugee reception policy in Swedish municipalities. In conclusion, I find that the link between political seat majorities and refugee reception is of an associative rather than a causal nature. In order to find significant estimates, the win margin for each bloc needs to be rather substantial. Thus, the paper indicates that there is a unified political attitude over the mainstream blocs towards refugee reception and that other factors, and not political seat majorities, have contributed to the uneven distribution of refugees among municipalities in Sweden. In Paper II, I turn to focus on how stakeholders in four small-sized Swedish municipalities with diverging historical reception of refugees explain and describe their policy approach. By conducting semi-structured interviews, I find that stakeholders share a common understanding about how refugee reception has been performed locally (in terms of high or low refugee intake) and that they emphasise the importance of prior experiences rather than the composition of political parties or resources in explaining their current policy approach. In Paper III, which is co-authored with Henrik Andersson, we investigate whether asylum seekers react to changes in migration policy by assessing the effects of a Swedish regulatory change implemented in 2013. Using high-frequency data with information on the weekly number of asylum seekers, we find that refugees do react very rapidly, even within a week, but that the effects were temporary. We also find that the Swedish change of policy affected the distribution of Syrian asylum seekers in Europe in a significant manner as well as the characteristics of the Syrian population of refugees coming to Sweden. In Paper IV, which is co-authored with Darrel Robinson, we investigate the effects of residency status on the labour market participation of refugees. Using a full-population database, we show that residency status has a short-term effect on labour market participation among Syrian refugees, indicating that those granted temporary residency are more active in the labour market. However, those granted permanent residency are more likely to participate in education.
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| 7. |
- Larsson Taghizadeh, Jonas, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Discrimination in marketized welfare services : a field experiment on Swedish schools
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Policy. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0047-2794 .- 1469-7823. ; , s. 1-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Providers’ tendency to cream skim clients according to certain sociodemographic traits is widely believed to increase under marketization, and therefore also discrimination. However, due to a lack of experimental research, little is known about the presence of discrimination in marketized welfare services and of the potential drivers of such biased treatment. The lack of research is particularly evident in regard to socioeconomic status (SES) discrimination and publicly financed for-profit providers. Moreover, competition, an important aspect of marketization, has not been investigated. Focusing on the interesting case of the Swedish school sector, we aim to improve knowledge on these matters. In a field experiment, 3,430 elementary school principals were randomly contacted though e-mail by parents with Arabic- or Swedish-sounding names and in low- or high-socioeconomic professions. The fictional parents were interested in placing their children at the school. The Swedish school sector resembles marketized public services in several Western countries. The results show clear signs of ethnic as well as SES discrimination, particularly in regard to more qualitative aspects of the replies. However, we find no significant differences in discrimination between public and private/for-profit schools and depending on the degree of competition in the school market.
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| 8. |
- Larsson Taghizadeh, Jonas, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Do Politicians Discriminate against Ethnic Minority Constituents? : A Field Experiment on Social Interactions between Citizens and Swedish Local Politicians
- 2022
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Ingår i: Parliamentary Affairs. - : Oxford University Press. - 0031-2290 .- 1460-2482. ; 75:1, s. 154-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In ethnically diverse societies, are citizens treated equally by their political representatives? Several field experiments find that politicians discriminate in their daily communication with voters. However, these studies only focus on the USA and South Africa and may overestimate the degree of discrimination by ignoring sex and socio-economic status. We address these shortcomings by investigating ethnic discrimination in Sweden. In an email experiment, all 812 municipal commissioners were randomly contacted by voters with Arabic- or Swedish-sounding names. Our results do not show any clear signs of discrimination; thus, previous results might not be generalisable to Sweden or similar democracies.
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| 9. |
- Peterson, Lauri, 1989-
(författare)
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Investigating the Determinants of International, National and Local Climate Policies
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change is a global threat that requires policy action on all levels of governance. The 2015 Paris Agreement opened a new era of governance, entailing a shift away from the top-down approach embodied by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. It relies instead mainly on voluntary climate pledges, which are meant to be ratcheted up through a process of assessment and review. This allows international organizations and country and local governments much more flexibility in deciding their own level of climate ambition, as well as their own methods for achieving it. I identify some significant variations in policy-making that are not explained by the “usual suspects” of material capacities and organizational capabilities. In keeping with the multi-level nature of modern climate governance, I examine the determinants of climate policies on the international, national, and local levels. I do so with the help of quantitative methods applied to survey results from high-income and middle-income countries, and to data on political institutions and physical vulnerability. With this dissertation, I contribute to the literature by identifying a number of key determinants of climate mitigation policy on different levels of climate governance. First, in a study of international climate finance, I ascertain that different organizational arrangements in the bureaucratic area determine the selection of developing countries, as well as the amount of funding allocated to them by developed countries. Second, in a comparison of domestic and international climate policies, I establish that countries which have adopted more ambitious climate policies domestically are also more likely to furnish greater amounts of international climate finance. Third, in a review of national climate policies, I show that extreme weather events do not impel governments to increase climate action in countries without strong democratic institutions. Fourth, in an examination of local climate policies, I find that it is public awareness of human-caused climate change – not partisanship – that matters most for the adoption of comprehensive climate plans among frontrunner cities. These results shed light on the multi-level challenge of climate change by identifying distinct determinants of climate policy on each level of governance. This dissertation adds nuance to our understanding of the determinants of policies for climate change mitigation by stressing the importance of domestic actors and institutions for effective climate action.
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