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- Hanås, Ragnar, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Indwelling catheters used from the onset of diabetes decrease injection pain and pre-injection anxiety
- 2002
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Ingår i: J Pediatr. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3476 .- 0022-3476 .- 1097-6833. ; 140:3, s. 315-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the use of indwelling catheters as injection aids at diabetes onset to reduce injection pain and pre-injection anxiety. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-one patients aged 8.1 +/- 3.7 years (range, 1-15) participated in this open, controlled randomized study. A 10-cm VAS with faces was used for scoring. A local anesthetic cream was used before all insertions. The control group used insulin pens with standard needles. After one week, the indwelling catheter group could choose regular injections but were included in the "intention to treat" analysis. RESULTS: Injection pain and anxiety decreased from day 1 to 15 in both groups (average, 4.1 injections/day). Pain was significantly lower for indwelling catheter injections when scored by parents (median, 1.2 cm vs 2.7 cm; P =.002), children/teenagers (0.8 cm vs 1.5 cm; P =.006), and nurses (1.4 cm vs 3.0 cm; P =.002). Parental pre-injection anxiety was also lower (1.2 cm vs 2.9 cm; P =.016). Taking injections, including inserting catheters, was found to be less problematic with an indwelling catheter (1.6 cm vs 3.3 cm;P =.009). During the 6-month follow-up, injection pain and injection problems were significantly lower in the catheter group. Mean catheter indwelling time was 3.7 days. Median pain for catheter insertion was 2.1 cm and for glucose testing was 0.9 cm. Sixteen of 20 patients continued to use indwelling catheters after 2 weeks, and 9 of 20 after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: We found an evident relief of pre-injection anxiety and injection pain when using indwelling catheters for introducing insulin injections at the onset of diabetes.
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- Karlsson, Thomas, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Primed word-fragment completion and successive memory test performance in normal aging
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 44:4, s. 355-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young and old subjects were investigated to examine whether: the effects of priming are influenced by aging there is independence between primed word-fragment completion and recognition performances, and the dependence between different tests is influenced by aging. A successive test paradigm was employed involving repeated assessment of to-be-remembered words by means of recognition and primed word-fragment completion. The results show that implicit memory declines with increasing age, and that correlations between different memory tests decrease with age. The outcome suggests that age-related memory decline involves several forms of memory, including primed word-fragment completion, and is reflected in correlations between measures of implicit and explicit memory.
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- Karlsson, Thomas, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Successive memory test performance and priming in Alzheimer's disease : Evidence from the word-fragment completion task
- 2002
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Ingår i: Cortex. - 0010-9452 .- 1973-8102. ; 38:3, s. 341-355
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study assessed the performance of patients with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls in a successive memory test paradigm. Subjects studied lists of words. Following study, tests of recognition (an explicit memory task) and primed word fragment completion (an implicit memory task) were administered. Since the same words were used in the two tasks, we were able to calculate the degree of dependence between recognition performance and primed word fragment completion. AD patients evidenced impaired recognition memory. In contrast, priming was intact. The pattern of correlation between the two tasks was similar in healthy controls and in AD. Independence between recognition and fragment completion was obtained when recognition preceded the fragment completion task, but not when fragment completion preceded recognition.
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