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- Sutrala, Smitha R, et al.
(författare)
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Gene copy number variation in schizophrenia
- 2007
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Ingår i: Schizophrenia Research. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0920-9964 .- 1573-2509. ; 96:1-3, s. 93-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possibility that gene copy number variations play a role in the development of complex disorders is a topic of considerable interest. Recent reports have highlighted the large number of such variations that exist and that their occurrence varies considerably between populations. A recent report has suggested that copy number variations in four genes (GRIK3, EFNA5, AKAP5 and CACNG2) may be associated with schizophrenia. One problem with this area of study is the validation of high throughput methods such as comparative genomic hybridisation, as the latter inevitably generates false positives. We have used two contrasting methodologies to determine the validity of the findings reported above which if true would have major implications for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Samples from a UK population were tested using a method of allele quantification by DNA pooling and samples from Belgium and northern Sweden were tested using Multiplex Amplicon Quantification (MAQ). Both methods were used to test DNA samples used in the original investigation. No copy number variations were found for any of the genes in any samples. Our data suggests that more reliable methods need to be used to validate the existence of CNVs before full scale association studies are carried out.
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| 3. |
- Adolfsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Elbow hemiarthroplasty for acute reconstruction of intraarticular distal humerus fractures : A preliminary report involving 4 patients
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 77:5, s. 785-787
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We treated 4 female patients (mean age 80) with complex intraarticular acute fracture of the distal humerus with a Kudo humeral component, i.e. a hemiarthroplasty. All fractures were considered impossible to treat with open reduction and internal fixation. At mean 10 (3-14) months, 3 patients had an excellent result and 1 a good result according to the Mayo elbow performance score. We conclude that a hemiarthroplasty may be a valuable alternative in eldery patients with complex fractures of the distal humerus. Copyright© Taylor & Francis 2006.
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| 4. |
- Al-Abany, M., et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of assessment of urgency and other symptoms indicating anal sphincter, large bowel or urinary dysfunction
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scand J Urol Nephrol. - 0036-5599. ; 40:5, s. 397-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The Radiumhemmets Scale of Disease-Specific Symptom Assessment-Prostate Cancer has been used in several studies. However, no test-retest reliability study of it has been conducted concerning the assessment of urinary, anal sphincter or large bowel function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of items assessing these functions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated 89 prostate cancer patients randomly selected from a group of patients diagnosed in Stockholm. The patients answered 24 questions assessing anal sphincter, large bowel and urinary function twice, with a 3-week interval in-between, to assess reliability. RESULTS: Most of the questions assessing bowel and urinary symptoms showed substantial or near-perfect agreement. The kappa value for bowel symptom items was > or = 0.60 for all items, except for defecation urgency (0.40-0.55). The kappa value for urinary symptom items varied between 0.43 and 1.0, except for urinary urgency (0.30-0.39). CONCLUSIONS: When comparing the impact of different symptoms of anal sphincter, large bowel or urinary tract dysfunction, it may be important to consider that defecation urgency and urinary urgency have the highest measuring error (low reliability). This error dilutes assessed associations with, for example, decreased quality of life. Nevertheless, the test-retest reliability for anal sphincter, large bowel and urinary symptoms indicates that surveys yield meaningful information.
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| 5. |
- Axelsson, Susanna, et al.
(författare)
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Disseminating evidence from health technology assessment : the case of tobacco prevention
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Public Health Sciences. - 0266-4623.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to investigate the awareness among dentists and dental hygienists of evidence-based reports and guidelines on tobacco cessation activities and the impact these publications had on clinical practice. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to dental hygienists and dentists in Stockholm County, Sweden, and the results were compared with a previous investigation. RESULTS: Among the respondents, awareness of a popular science version of a systematic review on smoking and its effect on oral health was reported by 90 percent of the hygienists and 66 percent of the dentists. The information was used in clinical work by 34 percent of the dentists and 54 percent of the hygienists. Reported changes in patterns of practice were more frequent recommendations to use nicotine replacement therapy and a more widespread use of setting quit dates. Approximately one quarter of the dental professionals reported that they had increased tobacco cessation consultation because of the results from the reports. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in patterns of practice were observed after dissemination of evidence-based information on tobacco cessation. Methods that were proven to be effective in the evidence-based report such as discussing quit dates and recommending nicotine replacement therapy were more commonly used after the publication of the report. Short, popular versions of extensive systematic reviews seem to be useful for implementing evidence-based knowledge and changing clinical practice.
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| 6. |
- Berggren de Verdier, P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic significance of homozygous deletions and multiple duplications at the CDKN2A (p16INK4a)/ARF (p14ARF) locus in urinary bladder cancer
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scand J Urol Nephrol. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 40:5, s. 363-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The 9p21 locus is a major target in the pathogenesis of human urinary bladder cancer. This locus harbours the CDKN2A/ARF tumour suppressor gene, which encodes two cell-cycle regulatory proteins: p16INK4a and p14ARF. We studied how homozygous deletions and multiple duplications at this locus affect prognosis and survival in patients with bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), based on simultaneous amplification of ARF and a reference gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, was used to measure homozygous deletions and multiple duplications in a population-based material consisting of 478 patients with urinary bladder cancer. Results from real-time QPCR were compared with clinico-pathological parameters and survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Real-time QPCR analysis showed 71 (15%) homozygous deletions and 8 (2%) multiple duplications. We were unable to find any association between either stage or grade and urinary neoplasms with homozygous deletions. However, although there were only a limited number of patients with multiple duplications, 7/8 of them had highly malignant tumours (G2b-G4 or > or = T1; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary bladder cancers constitute a spectrum of neoplasms with varying clinical manifestations. We were unable to establish a prognostic relevance for patients with tumours harbouring homozygous deletions at the CDKN2A/ARF locus. However, our data did indicate that patients with multiple duplications at the CDKN2A/ARF locus had poor survival. This suggests that multiple duplications, in combination with other genetic changes, have cooperative effects which have a negative outcome on urinary bladder cancer prognosis.
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| 7. |
- Börjesson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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A national landfill methane budget for Sweden based on field measurements, and an evaluation of IPCC models
- 2009
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Ingår i: Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. - : Stockholm University Press. - 1600-0889 .- 0280-6509. ; 61:2, s. 424-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seven Swedish landfills were investigated from 2001 to 2003. On each landfill, a measure of the total methane production was calculated from data on: (1) methane emissions (leakage); (2) methane oxidation and (3) from gas recovery. Methane emissions were determined via a tracer gas (N2O) release-based remote sensing method. N2O and CH4 were measured with an Fourier Transform infrared detector at a distance of more than 1 km downwind from the landfills. Methane oxidation in the landfill covers was measured with the stable carbon isotope method. The efficiency in gas recovery systems proved to be highly variable, but on an average, 51% of the produced landfill gas was captured. A first-order decay model, based on four fractions (waste from households and parks, sludges and industrial waste), showed that the use of a degradable organic carbon fraction (DOCf) value of 0.54, in accordance with the default value for DOCf of 0.50 in the latest IPCC model, gave an emission estimate similar to the official national reports.
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| 10. |
- Lim, J.J., et al.
(författare)
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Static and dynamic performance optimization of a 1.3 µm GaInNAs ridge waveguide laser
- 2008
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Ingår i: 2008 International Conference on Numerical Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices, NUSOD'08; Nottingham; United Kingdom; 1 September 2008 through 4 September 2008. - 9781424423071 ; , s. 121-122
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, we optimise the structure of an uncooled directly modulated 1.3 μm GaInNAs ridge waveguide laser for high temperature operation. The static and dynamic performance of the optimised design is analyzed using an accurate in-house 2D electro-opto-thermal laser simulator. The optimised structure Is shown to have a lower threshold current, higher efficiency, higher modulation bandwidth and lower vertical beam divergence compared to a reference structure with a conventional design. Large-signal 10 Gbit/s digital modulation simulations were performed and demonstrate the improved performance of the optimised structure especially under high temperature operation.
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