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- Fallani, M, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of the human infant intestinal microbiota after the introduction of first complementary foods in infant samples from five European centres
- 2011
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Ingår i: Microbiology (Reading, England). - : Microbiology Society. - 1465-2080 .- 1350-0872. ; 157:Pt 5, s. 1385-1392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although it is well established that early infant feeding has a major influence on the establishment of the gut microbiota, very little is understood about how the introduction of first solid food influences the colonization process. This study aimed to determine the impact of weaning on the faecal microbiota composition of infants from five European countries (Sweden, Scotland, Germany, Italy and Spain) which have different lifestyle characteristics and infant feeding practices. Faecal samples were collected from 605 infants approximately 4 weeks after the introduction of first solid foods and the results were compared with the same infants before weaning (6 weeks of age) to investigate the association with determining factors such as geographical origin, mode of delivery, previous feeding method and age of weaning. Samples were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry using a panel of 10 rRNA targeted group- and species-specific oligonucleotide probes. The genus Bifidobacterium (36.5 % average proportion of total detectable bacteria), Clostridium coccoides group (14 %) and Bacteroides (13.6 %) were predominant after weaning. Similar to pre-weaning, northern European countries were associated with a higher proportion of bifidobacteria in the infant gut microbiota while higher levels of Bacteroides and lactobacilli characterized southern European countries. As before weaning, the initial feeding method influenced the Clostridium leptum group and Clostridium difficile+Clostridium perfringens species, and bifidobacteria still dominated the faeces of initially breast-fed infants. Formula-fed babies presented significantly higher proportions of Bacteroides and the C. coccoides group. The mode of birth influenced changes in the proportions of bacteroides and atopobium. Although there were significant differences in the mean weaning age between countries, this was not related to the populations of bifidobacteria or bacteroides. Thus, although the faecal microbiota of infants after first complementary foods was different to that before weaning commenced, many of the initial influences on microbiota composition were still evident.
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- Garcia-Rodriguez, Cruz E., et al.
(författare)
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Does Consumption of Two Portions of Salmon Per Week Enhance the Antioxidant Defense System in Pregnant Women?
- 2012
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Ingår i: Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1523-0864 .- 1557-7716. ; 16:12, s. 1401-1406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salmon is a rich source of marine n-3 fatty acids, which may increase oxidative stress and, in turn, could affect the antioxidant defense system in blood plasma and erythrocytes of pregnant women. The Salmon in Pregnancy Study provided two meals of salmon per week to pregnant women from week 20 of gestation; the control group maintained their habitual diet low in oily fish. Higher selenium and retinol plasma concentrations were observed after dietary salmon supplementation. Besides, a concomitant increase in selenium and glutathione concentration as well as glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities were detected as pregnancy progressed. However, tocopherols, retinol, beta-carotene, and coenzyme Q(10) decreased in late pregnancy. Collectively, our findings lead to the hypothesis that increased farmed salmon intake may increase antioxidant defenses during pregnancy.
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- Isern, Joan, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Renewing Human Bone Marrow Mesenspheres Promote Hematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 3:5, s. 1714-1724
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strategies for expanding hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) include coculture with cells that recapitulate their natural microenvironment, such as bone marrow stromal stem/progenitor cells (BMSCs). Plastic-adherent BMSCs may be insufficient to preserve primitive HSCs. Here, we describe a method of isolating and culturing human BMSCs as nonadherent mesenchymal spheres. Human mesenspheres were derived from CD45(-) CD31(-) CD71(-) CD146(+) CD105(+) nestin(+) cells but could also be simply grown from fetal and adult BM CD45(-)-enriched cells. Human mesenspheres robustly differentiated into mesenchymal lineages. In culture conditions where they displayed a relatively undifferentiated phenotype, with decreased adherence to plastic and increased self-renewal, they promoted enhanced expansion of cord blood CD34(+) cells through secreted soluble factors. Expanded HSCs were serially transplantable in immunodeficient mice and significantly increased long-term human hematopoietic engraftment. These results pave the way for culture techniques that preserve the self-renewal of human BMSCs and their ability to support functional HSCs.
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- Lombardo, L., et al.
(författare)
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In-situ gelled electrolyte for lithium battery: Electrochemical and Raman characterization
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Power Sources. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7753. ; 245, s. 232-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- n this paper we report a polymer lithium cell using a PVdF-based, gel-type electrolyte formed in-situ during cell assembly. The gel electrolyte formation is monitored prior to cell assembly by electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy and by Raman spectroscopy in order to determine the characteristics of the lithium salt diffusion into the gel-membrane. The results show an efficient gel formation and a fast lithium salt diffusion, this finally resulting in an optimized behaviour in a lithium cell using a high voltage spinel-type cathode. We believe that the results here reported may contribute to the enhancement of the safety of lithium batteries. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Miles, Elizabeth A, et al.
(författare)
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The Salmon in Pregnancy Study : study design, subject characteristics, maternal fish and marine n-3 fatty acid intake, and marine n-3 fatty acid status in maternal and umbilical cord blood
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 94:6, s. 1986S-1992S
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Oily fish provides marine n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids that are considered to be important in the growth, development, and health of the fetus and newborn infant. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to increase salmon consumption among pregnant women and to determine the effect on maternal and umbilical cord plasma marine n-3 fatty acid content. DESIGN: Women (n = 123) with low habitual consumption of oily fish were randomly assigned to continue their habitual diet or were provided with 2 portions of farmed salmon/wk to include in their diet from week 20 of pregnancy until delivery. RESULTS: Median weekly consumption frequency of study salmon in the salmon group was 1.94 portions, and total fish consumption frequency was 2.11 portions/wk in the salmon group and 0.47 portions/wk in the control group (P < 0.001). Intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from the diet, from seafood, and from oily fish were higher in the salmon group (all P < 0.001). Percentages of EPA and DHA in plasma phosphatidylcholine decreased during pregnancy in the control group (P for trend = 0.029 and 0.008, respectively), whereas they increased in the salmon group (P for trend for both < 0.001). EPA and DHA percentages were higher in maternal plasma phosphatidylcholine at weeks 34 and 38 of pregnancy and in umbilical cord plasma phosphatidylcholine in the salmon group (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSION: If pregnant women, who do not regularly eat oily fish, eat 2 portions of salmon/wk, they will increase their intake of EPA and DHA, achieving the recommended minimum intake; and they will increase their and their fetus' status of EPA and DHA. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00801502.
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- Risberg, Per A., et al.
(författare)
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Development of a heavy duty nozzle coking test
- 2013
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Ingår i: SAE Technical Papers. - 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diesel engine is still one of the most common and most efficient mobile energy converters. Nevertheless, it is troubled by many problems, one of them being nozzle coking. This is not a new problem; however, due to the introduction of more advanced injection systems and a more diverse fuel matrix, including biofuels, the problem has become more complex. The nozzle holes are also much narrower today than when the problem first appeared and are therefore more sensitive to coking. Two CEC sanctioned coking tests exist for diesel engines, but no universally accepted test for heavy duty engines. In this paper, tests have been performed with B10 doped with 1 ppm zinc on a single cylinder engine, based on a heavy duty engine, with the purpose to develop a simple accelerated coking test. To have relevance to real usage, the test was based on real engine load points from a high power Euro V engine calibration. The coking propensity was studied in an engine speed sweep at max load. Based on this, a repeatable, convenient, single load point, 6 hour test with a one hour soak time in the middle, that managed to produce significant coking, was established. The average nozzle temperature was measured to around 255 °C with a thermocouple instrumented injector. Coking was evaluated based on the measured power loss during the tests and validated in a flow rig were the nozzle was disassembled from the injector and the flow was measured separately before and after the coking tests to isolate the effects of nozzle coking. Since the start of the tests are is of major importance, to condition the engine is very important. Running the engine on half load was concluded not to have significant effect on nozzle coking. It was also found that overnight engine soak lead to on average an increase in power output of around 1.2 % and that shorter soak periods did not significantly influence the deposit build up.
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