| 1. |
- Elzouki, A N, et al.
(författare)
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Is there a relationship between abdominal aortic aneurysms and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ)?
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-2165 .- 1078-5884. ; 17:2, s. 149-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine if the frequency of alpha 1AT deficiency (PiZ) is increased in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and, to investigate whether aneurysmal stiffness and other clinical characteristics differ in AAA patients with and without alpha 1AT deficiency. METHODS: We identified alpha 1AT-deficient individuals by a monoclonal-antibody ELISA technique, in 102 consecutive patients with AAA. Positive ELISA samples were further phenotyped by isoelectric focusing to differentiate between the heterozygosity (PiZ) and homozygosity (PiZZ) state. Aneurysmal diameter and stiffness was measured using echotracking sonography and blood pressure measurements. RESULTS: The frequency of heterozygous alpha 1AT deficiency (PiZ) in patients with AAA was similar to that in the general population (6.8% and 4.7%, respectively, p > 0.3). The frequency of popliteal and femoral aneurysm was similar in male PiZ-carriers and non-carriers with AAA, as were age at diagnosis of AAA, aneurysmal diameter, aneurysmal stiffness, and presence of factors that may be associated with AAA (i.e. smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and family history of AAA). Occurrence of ischaemic heart disease was more frequent in male non-PiZ-carriers than in male PiZ-carriers with AAA (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of alpha 1AT deficiency (PiZ) was not increased in our series of patients with AAA and patients in whom the two disorders coexisted did not appear to have different clinical characteristics except for the lower occurrence of ischaemic heart disease among the PiZ-carriers.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Rydén Ahlgren, Åsa
(författare)
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Arterial wall stiffness in man. On gender differences and abnormalities in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The mechanical properties of major arteries may reflect early manifestations of vascular disease and are also of interest because they are important for cardiac work. Using echo-tracking sonography and blood pressure measurements, arterial stiffness and diameters were investigated in healthy individuals as well as in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha1-AT deficiency). In healthy individuals the stiffness of the abdominal aorta (AO) and the common carotid artery (CCA) increases with age and the diameters increase. These changes are more pronounced in the AO than in the CCA. Further, there are gender differences. This may serve as a background to regional as well as gender differences in the development of vascular disease. In IDDM, stiffness was increased in both the AO and the CCA in women compared to controls. In contrast, there was no difference in stiffness between men with IDDM and controls. Thus, a marked gender-difference in changes of arterial stiffness is found in IDDM. The increased AO stiffness in IDDM women is related to the duration of diabetes. Further, independent of the duration, there is an association between increased AO stiffness and autonomic dysfunction. Increased arterial stiffness in women with IDDM may contribute to the particularly increased risk for cardiovascular complications in diabetic women. To evaluate if alpha1-AT deficiency is a pathogenetic factor in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the diameter and stiffness of the AO in patients with homozygous alpha1-AT deficiency (PiZZ) were investigated. No difference in the AO diameter compared to controls was found. Men, but not women, had lower AO stiffness than controls. Further, the prevalence of alpha1-AT deficiency (PiZ) in patients with AAA was studied. There was no increase in alpha1-AT deficiency (PiZ) in the patients with AAA compared with the general population. Thus, alpha1-AT deficiency does not seem to be an important pathogenetic factor for the development of AAA.
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| 4. |
- Rydén Ahlgren, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in aortic wall stiffness in men with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. - 1532-2165. ; 14:4, s. 252-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To examine the diameter and distensibility of the abdominal aorta in patients with severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency, and to compare the results with those of normal subjects. Material and methods: Abdominal aortic diameter and stiffness (β) was measured using echo-tracking sonography in 19 men (mean age 50, range 25–79) and 17 women (mean age 46, range 26–62) with severe α2-antitrypsin deficiency. The results were compared with those of healthy individuals of corresponding age and gender. Results: There was no significant difference in the abdominal aortic diameter between controls and patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency when corrected for age, sex and body surface area (men p = 0.20, women p = 0.10). Men with α1-antitrypsin deficiency showed significantly lower stiffness in the abdominal aorta compared to controls (p = 0.025), whereas women did not (p = 0.17). Conclusions: No significant difference in abdominal aortic diameter could be detected in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency compared with controls. However, aortic distensibility in men with α1-antitrypsin deficiency is altered. This may reflect early vessel wall abnormality.
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| 5. |
- Rydén Ahlgren, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Increased aortic stiffness in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with diabetes duration and autonomic nerve function
- 1999
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - 1464-5491. ; 16:4, s. 291-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: The increase in risk for cardiovascular complications in diabetic women is even greater than that in diabetic men. We found arterial stiffness to be increased in women, but not in men, with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether the changes in arterial distensibility are influenced by diabetes duration and to evaluate any association between autonomic neuropathy and decreased arterial distensibility. METHODS: Stiffness of the abdominal aorta was measured noninvasively using echo-tracking sonography and parasympathetic function by heart rate variation during deep breathing (E/I ratio) in 40 women (mean age 33 years, range 20-61) and 38 men (mean age 36 years, range 22-56) with Type 1 DM. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between aortic stiffness and duration of diabetes in women (r = 0.41, P = 0.008), but not in men (r = 0.15, P = 0.35). There was also a significant correlation between aortic stiffness and the E/I ratio in women (r = -0.49, P = 0.002), but not in men (r = -0.14, P = 0.41). When adjusted for diabetes duration, the significant association between the E/I ratio and aortic stiffness remained in diabetic women (r = -0.44, P = 0.008) and was stronger than the association between diabetes duration and aortic stiffness. There were no significant correlations between aortic stiffness and triglycerides or total cholesterol, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Increased aortic wall stiffness found in women with Type 1 DM is related to diabetes duration. Further, in women with Type 1 DM there is a correlation between increased aortic stiffness and parasympathetic dysfunction. This may be of importance for the increased susceptibility to cardiovascular complications in diabetic women.
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| 6. |
- Rydén Ahlgren, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Increased arterial stiffness in women, but not in men, with IDDM
- 1995
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - 1432-0428. ; 38:9, s. 1082-1089
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For unknown reasons, there is a greater increase in the risk for cardiovascular complications in diabetic women than in diabetic men. Our aim was to study gender-related differences in the mechanical properties of the great arteries in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) but free from known cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. We measured arterial stiffness (beta, inversely related to arterial compliance) in the abdominal aorta and the common carotid artery non-invasively using echo-tracking sonography in 30 women (mean age 34 years, range 20-61) and 26 men (mean age 38 years, range 22-56) with IDDM. The results were compared with those of healthy individuals of corresponding age and gender. The results showed a marked gender-difference in changes of arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness was increased in both the abdominal aorta and the common carotid artery in diabetic women compared to control women (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0076, respectively). In contrast, there was no significant difference in stiffness of the abdominal aorta or the common carotid artery between the diabetic men and the control men (p = 0.69 and p = 0.39, respectively). In conclusion, this study has shown that stiffness of the aorta and the common carotid artery is increased in diabetic women but not in diabetic men. Increased arterial stiffness in diabetic women may be a pathogenic factor which could help to explain the gender-related differences in the risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in diabetic subjects.
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| 7. |
- Rydén Ahlgren, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Stiffness and diameter of the common carotid artery and abdominal aorta in women
- 1997
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. - 0301-5629. ; 23:7, s. 983-988
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vascular disease is differentiated throughout the vascular regions with aorta more prone to dilatation and with peripheral arteries more prone to occlusive disease. In this study, we investigated the diameter and distensibility in the common carotid artery (CCA) and abdominal aorta (AO) in healthy females of varying ages to assess potential differences in the aging process. The diameter and pulsatile diameter change of the CCA and AO in 66 healthy Caucasian females aged 8 to 79 y were examined using an ultrasound phase-locked echo-tracking technique. Blood pressure was obtained by the auscultatory method. Arterial stiffness (beta) was calculated. The diameter of both CCA and AO increases, not only in childhood, but also in adult women. The dilatation in adults (25 to 75 y) seems to be more pronounced in the AO (23%) than in the CCA (11%). Stiffness (beta) is higher in the CCA than AO before 20 y of age (p < 0.05). Stiffness increases with aging in both arterial regions, but the increase is initially somewhat higher in the AO, which means that no differences between the CCA and AO are seen from 25 y onward. In conclusion, this study demonstrates regional differences in diameter change and stiffness in the CCA and AO, and implies that the AO is more prone to age-related changes of the arterial wall than the CCA. These differences, however, are not as marked as previously reported in males.
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| 8. |
- Sandgren, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Factors predicting the diameter of the popliteal artery in healthy humans
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - 1097-6809. ; 28:2, s. 284-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To determine the relevance of popliteal dilatations, knowledge of the normal popliteal artery diameter is essential. This study investigates the diameter of the popliteal artery in healthy males and females. METHODS: We measured the diameter of the popliteal artery in 121 healthy volunteers (59 males and 62 females), ages 8 to 81, with echo-tracking B-mode ultrasonography. We analyzed the influence of age, sex, height, weight, body surface area (BSA) and systolic blood pressure with a multiple regression model. RESULTS: The popliteal artery increased steadily in diameter throughout life. From 25 years on, the diameter was larger in males than in females. If corrected for BSA, this difference decreased from 17% to 7%. This study found a correlation between popliteal artery diameter and BSA (r=0.47 and r=0.61, respectively, p < 0.0001). Age, followed by BSA, was the most influencing factor on popliteal diameter in both males and females (r=0.62 and r=0.66, respectively, p < 0.0001). We used age and BSA in creating a model for prediction of popliteal artery diameter. CONCLUSIONS: The diameter of the popliteal artery increases with age, initially during growth, but also in adults. This is related to age, body size and sex, with males having larger arteries than females. It is now possible to predict the normal popliteal arterial diameter, and nomograms are presented for use in the study of aneurysmal arterial disease.
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| 9. |
- Sandgren, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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The diameter of the common femoral artery in healthy human: influence of sex, age, and body size
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Vascular Surgery. - 1097-6809. ; 29:3, s. 503-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To determine the relevance of dilatations of the common femoral artery (CFA), knowledge of the normal CFA diameter is essential. The diameter of the CFA in healthy male and female subjects of different ages was investigated. METHODS: The diameter of the CFA was measured in 122 healthy volunteers (59 male, 63 female; 8 to 81 years of age) with echo-tracking B-mode ultrasound scan. The influence of age, sex, height, weight, body surface area (BSA), and systolic blood pressure was analyzed by means of a multiple regression model. RESULTS: The CFA increased steadily in diameter throughout life. From 25 years onwards, the diameter was larger in men than in women. Significant correlations were found between the CFA diameter and weight (r = 0.58 and r = 0.57 in male and female subjects, respectively; P <.0001), height (r = 0.49 and r = 0.54 in male and female subjects, respectively; P <.0001), and BSA (r = 0.60 and r = 0.62 in male and female subjects, respectively; P <.0001). Age and BSA were used to create a model for prediction of the CFA diameter (r = 0.71 and r = 0.77 in male and female subjects, respectively; P <.0001). CONCLUSION: The diameter of the CFA increases with age, initially during growth but also in adults. This is related to age, body size, and sex male subjects have larger arteries than female subjects. It is now possible to predict the normal CFA diameter, and nomograms that may be used in the study of aneurysmal disease are presented.
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| 10. |
- Sonesson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Does long-term smoking affect aortic stiffness more in women than in men?
- 1997
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2281 .- 0144-5979. ; 17:5, s. 439-447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, although understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism is incomplete. The effect of heavy smoking, for more than 20 years and of 20 cigarettes per day, on aortic stiffness was studied in women (n = 23, age range 43-61 years) and men (n = 21, age range 43-61 years) who smoked but were otherwise healthy and compared with a healthy reference population that did not smoke. Aortic stiffness (beta) was calculated from the diameter and the pulsatile diameter change determined non-invasively using an ultrasonic echo-tracking system and blood pressure obtained by the auscultatory method. The results showed that aortic diameter did not differ in smoking males (P = 0.974) or in smoking females (P = 0.361). Aortic stiffness was increased in the female (P = 0.041) but not male smokers (P = 0.222). Systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure in the men and women who smoked did not differ from those in the healthy reference population. In conclusion, this investigation shows increased aortic stiffness in female but not in male smokers. It indicates that the aorta of women might be more vulnerable to smoking with regard to stiffening and degeneration than the aorta of men.
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