| 1. |
- Björkström, Niklas K, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid expansion and long-term persistence of elevated NK cell numbers in humans infected with hantavirus
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 208:1, s. 13-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural killer (NK) cells are known to mount a rapid response to several virus infections. In experimental models of acute viral infection, this response has been characterized by prompt NK cell activation and expansion followed by rapid contraction. In contrast to experimental model systems, much less is known about NK cell responses to acute viral infections in humans. We demonstrate that NK cells can rapidly expand and persist at highly elevated levels for >60 d after human hantavirus infection. A large part of the expanding NK cells expressed the activating receptor NKG2C and were functional in terms of expressing a licensing inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and ability to respond to target cell stimulation. These results demonstrate that NK cells can expand and remain elevated in numbers for a prolonged period of time in humans after a virus infection. In time, this response extends far beyond what is considered normal for an innate immune response.
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| 2. |
- Brorstad, Alette, et al.
(författare)
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Early diagnosis of hantavirus infection by family doctors can reduce inappropriate antibiotic use and hospitalization
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 28:3, s. 179-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Raised awareness in general practice regarding emerging infections and better diagnostic tools are desirable. This study of a Hantavirus outbreak shows that general practitioners are frontline doctors during outbreaks and through early and correct diagnosis they can reduce antibiotic treatment and hospitalization.
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| 3. |
- Connolly-Andersen, Anne-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Sorkfeber ökar risken för stroke och hjärtinfarkt
- 2014
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 111:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Hassan, Osama Ahmed, et al.
(författare)
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The 2007 rift valley Fever outbreak in Sudan
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science. - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 5:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a neglected, emerging, mosquito-borne disease with severe negative impact on human and animal health and economy. RVF is caused by RVF virus (RVFV) affecting humans and a wide range of animals. The virus is transmitted through bites from mosquitoes and exposure to viremic blood, body fluids, or tissues of infected animals. During 2007 a large RVF outbreak occurred in Sudan with a total of 747 confirmed human cases including 230 deaths (case fatality 30.8%); although it has been estimated 75,000 were infected. It was most severe in White Nile, El Gezira, and Sennar states near to the White Nile and the Blue Nile Rivers. Notably, RVF was not demonstrated in livestock until after the human cases appeared and unfortunately, there are no records or reports of the number of affected animals or deaths. Ideally, animals should serve as sentinels to prevent loss of human life, but the situation here was reversed. Animal contact seemed to be the most dominant risk factor followed by animal products and mosquito bites. The Sudan outbreak followed an unusually heavy rainfall in the country with severe flooding and previous studies on RVF in Sudan suggest that RVFV is endemic in parts of Sudan. An RVF outbreak results in human disease, but also large economic loss with an impact beyond the immediate influence on the directly affected agricultural producers. The outbreak emphasizes the need for collaboration between veterinary and health authorities, entomologists, environmental specialists, and biologists, as the best strategy towards the prevention and control of RVF.
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| 5. |
- Hjertqvist, Marika, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality rate patterns for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by Puumala virus
- 2010
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Ingår i: Emerging Infectious Diseases. - : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). - 1080-6040 .- 1080-6059. ; 16:10, s. 1584-1586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate nephropathia epidemica in Sweden during 1997-2007, we determined case-fatality rates for 5,282 patients with this disease. Overall, 0.4% died of acute nephropathia epidemica ≤3 months after diagnosis. Case-fatality rates increased with age. Only women showed an increased case-fatality rate during the first year after diagnosis.
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| 6. |
- Klingström, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Hantavirus protein interactions regulate cellular functions and signaling responses
- 2011
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Ingår i: Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-7210 .- 1744-8336. ; 9:1, s. 33-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rodent-borne pathogenic hantaviruses cause two severe and often lethal zoonotic diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in the Americas. Currently, no US FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines are available for HFRS/HCPS. Infections with hantaviruses are not lytic, and it is currently not known exactly why infections in humans cause disease. A better understanding of how hantaviruses interfere with normal cell functions and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses might provide clues to future development of specific treatment and/or vaccines against hantavirus infection. In this article, the current knowledge regarding immune responses observed in patients, hantavirus interference with cellular proteins and signaling pathways, and possible approaches in the development of therapeutics are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Lindgren, Therese, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal analysis of the human T cell response during acute hantavirus infection
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - Baltimore : American Society for Microbiology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 85:19, s. 10252-10260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal studies of T cell immune responses during viral infections in humans are essential for our understanding of how effector T cell responses develop, clear infection, and provide long-lasting immunity. Here, following an outbreak of a Puumala hantavirus infection in the human population, we longitudinally analyzed the primary CD8 T cell response in infected individuals from the first onset of clinical symptoms until viral clearance. A vigorous CD8 T cell response was observed early following the onset of clinical symptoms, determined by the presence of high numbers of Ki67(+)CD38(+)HLA-DR(+) effector CD8 T cells. This response encompassed up to 50% of total blood CD8 T cells, and it subsequently contracted in parallel with a decrease in viral load. Expression levels of perforin and granzyme B were high throughout the initial T cell response and likewise normalized following viral clearance. When monitoring regulatory components, no induction of regulatory CD4 or CD8 T cells was observed in the patients during the infection. However, CD8 as well as CD4 T cells exhibited a distinct expression profile of inhibitory PD-1 and CTLA-4 molecules. The present results provide insight into the development of the T cell response in humans, from the very onset of clinical symptoms following a viral infection to resolution of the disease.
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| 8. |
- Nkulu Kalengayi, Faustine Kyungu, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of deportation may limit legal immigrants' access to HIV/AIDS-related care : a survey of Swedish language school students in Northern Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 1557-1912 .- 1557-1920. ; 14:1, s. 39-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increasing rates of HIV infection that are currently being reported in high-income countries can be partly explained by migration from countries with generalized epidemics. Yet, early diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in immigrants remains a challenge. This study investigated factors that might be limiting immigrants' access to HIV/AIDS care. Data from 268 legal immigrant students of two Swedish language schools in Northern Sweden were analyzed using logistic regression. Thirty-seven percent reported reluctance to seek medical attention if they had HIV/AIDS. Fear of deportation emerged as the most important determinant of reluctance to seek care after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, knowledge level, stigmatizing attitudes and fear of disclosure. Targeted interventions should consider the heterogeneity of migrant communities and the complex interplay of various factors which may impede access to HIV-related services. The myth about deportation because of HIV/AIDS should be countered.
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| 9. |
- Näslund, Jonas, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Puumala and Rift Valley Fever virus by quantitative RT-PCR and virus viability tests in samples of blood dried and stored on filter paper
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Virological Methods. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0166-0934 .- 1879-0984. ; 178:1-2, s. 186-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haemorrhagic fever viruses cause emerging infections worldwide, and blood or serum is the main sample used for diagnosis. However, storage and transportation of such samples from remote areas to regional laboratories may be complicated and expensive. In this study, a novel approach was evaluated for the detection of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) RNA and Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) RNA. Whole-blood samples spiked with viable virus particles were tested in parallel with clinical samples from patients with acute haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (nephropathia epidemica). Individual blood samples were spotted on filter paper, dried, and used for RNA extraction at later time points. PUUV RNA was detected by RT-PCR after storage at room temperature for up to six weeks. In contrast, only low copy numbers of RVFV RNA were detected after 1-2 days even though viable RVFV was eluted from the dried filter papers after the same time. The use of filter paper to collect and store blood samples for PUUV RNA detection is therefore a simple and reliable procedure. This approach might facilitate sampling and analysis of other RNA viruses from human or animal sources and could be used for field studies in remote areas or in developing countries.
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| 10. |
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