| 1. |
- Gerkin, RC, et al.
(författare)
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The best COVID-19 predictor is recent smell loss: a cross-sectional study
- 2020
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Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BackgroundCOVID-19 has heterogeneous manifestations, though one of the most common symptoms is a sudden loss of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). We investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19.MethodsThis preregistered, cross-sectional study used a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n=4148) or negative (C19-; n=546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified singular and cumulative predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery.ResultsBoth C19+ and C19-groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean±SD, C19+: -82.5±27.2 points; C19-: -59.8±37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both single and cumulative feature models (ROC AUC=0.72), with additional features providing negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms, such as fever or cough. Olfactory recovery within 40 days was reported for ∼50% of participants and was best predicted by time since illness onset.ConclusionsAs smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19, we developed the ODoR-19 tool, a 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss. Numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4<OR<10), which can be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Broadaway, K Alaine, et al.
(författare)
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Loci for insulin processing and secretion provide insight into type 2 diabetes risk.
- 2023
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 110:2, s. 284-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin secretion is critical for glucose homeostasis, and increased levels of the precursor proinsulin relative to insulin indicate pancreatic islet beta-cell stress and insufficient insulin secretory capacity in the setting of insulin resistance. We conducted meta-analyses of genome-wide association results for fasting proinsulin from 16 European-ancestry studies in 45,861 individuals. We found 36 independent signals at 30 loci (p value < 5 × 10-8), which validated 12 previously reported loci for proinsulin and ten additional loci previously identified for another glycemic trait. Half of the alleles associated with higher proinsulin showed higher rather than lower effects on glucose levels, corresponding to different mechanisms. Proinsulin loci included genes that affect prohormone convertases, beta-cell dysfunction, vesicle trafficking, beta-cell transcriptional regulation, and lysosomes/autophagy processes. We colocalized 11 proinsulin signals with islet expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data, suggesting candidate genes, including ARSG, WIPI1, SLC7A14, and SIX3. The NKX6-3/ANK1 proinsulin signal colocalized with a T2D signal and an adipose ANK1 eQTL signal but not the islet NKX6-3 eQTL. Signals were enriched for islet enhancers, and we showed a plausible islet regulatory mechanism for the lead signal in the MADD locus. These results show how detailed genetic studies of an intermediate phenotype can elucidate mechanisms that may predispose one to disease.
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| 4. |
- Caron, Bénédicte, et al.
(författare)
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IOIBD Recommendations for Clinical Trials in Ulcerative Proctitis : the PROCTRIAL Consensus
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 1542-3565 .- 1542-7714. ; 20:11, s. 2169-2627.e1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Clinical trials evaluating biologics and small molecules in patients with ulcerative colitis are predominantly excluding ulcerative proctitis. The objective of the PROCTRIAL (Definition and endpoints for ulcerative PROCtitis in clinical TRIALs) initiative was to develop consensus statements for definitions, inclusion criteria, and endpoints for the evaluation of ulcerative proctitis in adults.METHODS: Thirty-five international experts held a consensus meeting to define ulcerative proctitis, and the endpoints to use in clinical trials. Based on a systematic review of the literature, statements were generated, discussed, and approved by the working group participants using a modified Delphi method. Consensus was defined as at least 75% agreement among voters.RESULTS: The group agreed that the diagnosis of ulcerative proctitis should be made by ileocolonoscopy and confirmed by histopathology, with the exclusion of infections, drug-induced causes, radiation, trauma, and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative proctitis was defined as macroscopic extent of lesions limited to 15 cm distance from the anal verge in adults. Primary and secondary endpoints were identified to capture response of ulcerative proctitis to therapy. A combined clinical and endoscopic primary endpoint for the evaluation of ulcerative proctitis disease activity is proposed. Secondary endpoints which should be evaluated include endoscopic remission, histological remission, mucosal healing, histologic endoscopic mucosal improvement, disability, fecal incontinence, urgency, constipation, and health-related quality of life.CONCLUSION: In response to the need for guidance on the design of clinical trials in patients with ulcerative proctitis, the PROCTRIAL consensus provides recommendations on the definition and endpoints for ulcerative proctitis clinical trials.
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| 5. |
- da Rocha, V. N., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of BP nanotubes : A first-principles study
- 2023
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Ingår i: COMPUTATIONAL CONDENSED MATTER. - : Elsevier. - 2352-2143. ; 34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic, mechanical, and optical properties of (3,3), (5,5), (7,7) and (9,9) armchair and (4,0), (6,0), (8,0), (10,0) and (12,0) zigzag boron phosphide nanotubes (BPNT's) have been investigated using density functional theory calculations. We find that, with the exception of the (5,5) nanotube, they are direct band gap semiconductors, as the BP monolayer. The (3,3) and (4,0) nanotubes are verified to be unstable through phonon band structure calculations. The 1D stretching moduli and elastic moduli show that the BP NT's are as stiff as carbon nanotubes of comparable diameters. The absorption spectra of the BP nanotubes have thresholds in the visible region, differently from carbon and boron nitride nanotubes of comparable dimensions.
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| 6. |
- Das, T., et al.
(författare)
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Charge transfer driven interaction of CH4, CO2 and NH3 with TiS2 monolayer : Influence of vacancy defect
- 2021
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Ingår i: Catalysis Today. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0920-5861 .- 1873-4308. ; 370, s. 189-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we have investigated the dissociation of hydrogen rich CH4 and NH3 molecules along with CO2 on the surface of pristine and various defect induced TiS2 monolayer. The aim is to see whether the monolayer surfaces are able to produce H2 by decomposing the feedstock adsorbates and also to examine whether it can be a sorbent for CO2. We have tried to explore a monolayer surface which can simultaneously act as a catalyst to dissociate CH4, as well as to adsorb CO2 which is the only harmful by-product in steam reforming method for hydrogen production from CH4. The hydrogen generation has been predicted from the nature of gas adsorption, and the adsorption energies have been estimated to see whether it falls under chemisorption or physisorption range. Both S and Ti vacancy defects have been studied and the first-principles electronic structure calculation helps to envisage the charge redistribution of the three adsorbates on both pristine and defective TiS2 surfaces.
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| 7. |
- Gerislioglu, B., et al.
(författare)
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The role of Ge2Sb2Te5 in enhancing the performance of functional plasmonic devices
- 2020
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Ingår i: Materials Today Physics. - : Elsevier. - 2542-5293. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phase-change materials (PCMs) and compounds enable a combination of features for implementing advanced and multifunctional nanophotonic applications. Possessing opposite phases at different temperatures and toggling between amorphous to crystalline states (set-reset states) lead to dramatic changes in the optical characteristics of them. In this review, we focus on the recent progresses in the field of multifunctional nanoplasmonics based on integrated PCMs. More precisely, we explain the use of a well-known phase-change compound, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), in tailoring efficient and tunable plasmonic devices. Formed by the chalcogenide family and as a notable member of PCM components, GST has received a growing attention in the past years for developing non-volatile random access memory technology and optical systems. The reconfigurable and non-volatile characteristics of GST allow for the manipulation of light in subwavelength geometries. Based on the knowledge in the field of functional nanophotonic devices, we demonstrate promising paths that have been introduced to improve the efficiency of optical devices based on the PCM technology. Furthermore, we discuss the unique properties of GST in designing of modern plasmonic and nanophotonic tools. Finally, we present an outlook for the future opportunities of GST-mediated nanoplatforms, including all-optical instruments, beam-steering metasurfaces, and nanoscale switches and absorbers.
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| 8. |
- Gerkin, Richard C., et al.
(författare)
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Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemical Senses. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0379-864X .- 1464-3553. ; 46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
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| 9. |
- Ghosh, Anirudha, et al.
(författare)
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Exotic magnetic and electronic properties of layered CrI3 single crystals under high pressure
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. - : American Physical Society. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 105:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through advanced experimental techniques on CrI3 single crystals, we derive a pressure-temperature phase diagram. We find that T-c increases to similar to 66 K with pressure up to similar to 3 GPa followed by a decrease to similar to 10 K at 21.2 GPa. The experimental results are reproduced by theoretical calculations based on density functional theory where electron-electron interactions are treated by a static on-site Hubbard U on Cr 3d orbitals. The origin of the pressure-induced reduction of the ordering temperature is associated with a decrease in the calculated bond angle, from 95 degrees at ambient pressure to similar to 85 degrees at 25 GPa. Above 22 GPa, experiment and theory jointly point to the idea that the ferromagnetically ordered state is destroyed, giving rise first to a complex, unknown magnetic configuration, and at sufficiently high pressures a pure antiferromagnetic configuration. This sequence of transitions in the magnetism is accompanied by a well-detected pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition that is revealed by both high-pressure resistivity measurements and ab initio theory.
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| 10. |
- Gupta, Divyani, et al.
(författare)
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Local electrocatalytic activity of PtRu supported on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes towards methanol oxidation by scanning electrochemical microscopy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 9:37, s. 21291-21301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) were synthesized by treating HNO3-oxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in an NH3 flow at different temperatures. PtRu nanoparticles were decorated over NCNTs. The PtRu catalysts were prepared by an impregnation-reduction method from metal chloride precursors with a total metal loading of about 10 wt%. The electrocatalytic activity with respect to methanol oxidation was studied using electrochemical and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape and narrow particle size distribution of the PtRu particles over NCNTs with average particle sizes of similar to 3-5 nm. A detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study was performed to quantitatively identify different nitrogen functional groups and to evaluate their role in the observed enhanced catalytic activity towards methanol oxidation. The determination of the local electrocatalytic activity of the proposed catalyst towards methanol oxidation and simultaneous evaluation of the intermediates produced during methanol oxidation were achieved using SECM. Density functional theory studies were performed to understand the adsorption sites of methanol and intermediates on different reactive sites and to investigate possible reaction mechanisms.
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