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- Bassani, Carlos L., et al.
(författare)
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Nanocrystal Assemblies : Current Advances and Open Problems
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - 1936-0851. ; 18:23, s. 14791-14840
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore the potential of nanocrystals (a term used equivalently to nanoparticles) as building blocks for nanomaterials, and the current advances and open challenges for fundamental science developments and applications. Nanocrystal assemblies are inherently multiscale, and the generation of revolutionary material properties requires a precise understanding of the relationship between structure and function, the former being determined by classical effects and the latter often by quantum effects. With an emphasis on theory and computation, we discuss challenges that hamper current assembly strategies and to what extent nanocrystal assemblies represent thermodynamic equilibrium or kinetically trapped metastable states. We also examine dynamic effects and optimization of assembly protocols. Finally, we discuss promising material functions and examples of their realization with nanocrystal assemblies.
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- Fan, Xuge, et al.
(författare)
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Manufacture and characterization of graphene membranes with suspended silicon proof masses for MEMS and NEMS applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2055-7434. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene's unparalleled strength, chemical stability, ultimate surface-to-volume ratio and excellent electronic properties make it an ideal candidate as a material for membranes in micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS). However, the integration of graphene into MEMS or NEMS devices and suspended structures such as proof masses on graphene membranes raises several technological challenges, including collapse and rupture of the graphene. We have developed a robust route for realizing membranes made of double-layer CVD graphene and suspending large silicon proof masses on membranes with high yields. We have demonstrated the manufacture of square graphene membranes with side lengths from 7 mu m to 110 mu m, and suspended proof masses consisting of solid silicon cubes that are from 5 mu mx5 mu mx16.4 mu m to 100 mu mx100 mu mx16.4 mu m in size. Our approach is compatible with wafer-scale MEMS and semiconductor manufacturing technologies, and the manufacturing yields of the graphene membranes with suspended proof masses were >90%, with >70% of the graphene membranes having >90% graphene area without visible defects. The measured resonance frequencies of the realized structures ranged from tens to hundreds of kHz, with quality factors ranging from 63 to 148. The graphene membranes with suspended proof masses were extremely robust, and were able to withstand indentation forces from an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip of up to 7000nN. The proposed approach for the reliable and large-scale manufacture of graphene membranes with suspended proof masses will enable the development and study of innovative NEMS devices with new functionalities and improved performances.
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- Zhou, S. R., et al.
(författare)
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Converging evidence from exome sequencing and common variants implicates target genes for osteoporosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - 1061-4036. ; 55:8, s. 1277-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we leveraged the combined evidence of rare coding variants and common alleles to identify therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. We undertook a large-scale multiancestry exome-wide association study for estimated bone mineral density, which showed that the burden of rare coding alleles in 19 genes was associated with estimated bone mineral density (P<3.6x10(-7)). These genes were highly enriched for a set of known causal genes for osteoporosis (65-fold; P=2.5x10(-5)). Exome-wide significant genes had 96-fold increased odds of being the top ranked effector gene at a given GWAS locus (P=1.8x10(-10)). By integrating proteomics Mendelian randomization evidence, we prioritized CD109 (cluster of differentiation 109) as a gene for which heterozygous loss of function is associated with higher bone density. CRISPR-Cas9 editing of CD109 in SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cell lines showed that partial CD109 knockdown led to increased mineralization. This study demonstrates that the convergence of common and rare variants, proteomics and CRISPR can highlight new bone biology to guide therapeutic development. Analysis of exome sequencing data identifies a burden of rare coding variants in 19 genes associated with bone mineral density. Integrated analyses show convergence of common- and rare-variant signals and highlight likely effector genes influencing osteoporosis risk.
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