| 1. |
- Hochberg, Z., et al.
(författare)
-
Child health, developmental plasticity, and epigenetic programming
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Endocrine reviews. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0163-769X .- 1945-7189. ; 32:2, s. 159-224
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plasticity in developmental programming has evolved in order to provide the best chances of survival and reproductive success to the organism under changing environments. Environmental conditions that are experienced in early life can profoundly influence human biology and long-term health. Developmental origins of health and disease and life-history transitions are purported to use placental, nutritional, and endocrine cues for setting long-term biological, mental, and behavioral strategies in response to local ecological and/or social conditions. The window of developmental plasticity extends from preconception to early childhood and involves epigenetic responses to environmental changes, which exert their effects during life-history phase transitions. These epigenetic responses influence development, cell- and tissue-specific gene expression, and sexual dimorphism, and, in exceptional cases, could be transmitted transgenerationally. Translational epigenetic research in child health is a reiterative process that ranges from research in the basic sciences, preclinical research, and pediatric clinical research. Identifying the epigenetic consequences of fetal programming creates potential applications in clinical practice: the development of epigenetic biomarkers for early diagnosis of disease, the ability to identify susceptible individuals at risk for adult diseases, and the development of novel preventive and curative measures that are based on diet and/or novel epigenetic drugs.
|
|
| 2. |
- Beltrand, Jacques, et al.
(författare)
-
Post-Term Birth is Associated with Greater Risk of Obesity in Adolescent Males.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Journal of pediatrics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1097-6833 .- 0022-3476. ; 160:5, s. 769-773
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesise that post-term birth (>42 weeks gestation) adversely affects longitudinal growth and weight gain throughout childhood. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 525 children (including 17 boys and 20 girls born post-term) were followed from birth to age 16 years. Weight and height were recorded prospectively throughout childhood, and respective velocities from birth to end of puberty were calculated using a mathematical model. RESULTS: At birth, post-term girls were slimmer than term girls (ponderal index, 27.7±2.6 kg/m(3) vs 26.3±2.8 kg/m(3); P<.05). At age 16 years, post-term boys were 11.8 kg heavier than term subjects (body mass index [BMI], 25.4±5.5 kg/m(2) vs 21.7±3.1 kg/m(2); P<.01). The rate of obesity was 29% in post-term boys and 7% in term boys (P<.01), and the combined rate of overweight and obesity was 47% in post-term boys and 13% in term boys (P<.01). Weight velocity, but not height velocity, was higher in post-term boys at age 1.5-7 years (P<.05) and again at age 11.5-16 years (P<.05). BMI was higher in post-term boys at age 3 years, with the difference increasing thereafter. BMI and growth were similar in post-term and term girls. CONCLUSION: In this post-term birth cohort, boys, but not girls, demonstrated accelerated weight gain during childhood, leading to greater risk of obesity in adolescence.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Söderpalm, Ann-Charlott, 1961, et al.
(författare)
-
Reference data for BMD in children 2-10 years of age assessed by DXL Calscan.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Thirty-third Annual Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Minneapolis, USA.. ; okt:SA134
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aim To collect normative data in order to generate pediatric reference values for calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD) in healthy 2 - 10-yr-old Swedish children. Background Site-specific information on bone mass development is important when investigating children with different disorders. The lower extremities e.g., are affected at an early stage in children with neuromuscular disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in combination with a laser measurement of the heel thickness, DXL Calscan (Demetech AB), measures BMD in the heel bone and an apparent density (BMAD) is calculated. The DXL Calscan is portable, easy to use, has a short measurement time, gives a low absorbed radiation dose and the method is applicable in very young children and in individuals with disabilities. Subjects and Method Healthy, Swedish children were randomly included. The left foot was scanned in 117 2-yr-old, 110 4-yr-old and 107 7-yr-old children, 50% were boys, using the DXL Calscan technique. More than 35 % of the children from each age group were followed for another 2 years. A total of 645 measurements in children aged 2 – 10 yrs were performed. Height and weight were determined annually and questionnaires concerning general health were completed at every visit. Results The mean BMD in the 2-yr-olds was 0.17 ± 0.003 g/cm2, in the 4-yr-olds 0.22 ± 0.003 g/cm2 and in the 7-yr-olds 0.30 ± 0.005 g/cm2. The 7-yr-old girls had a significantly higher BMD than the boys (p=0.026) but there were no significant gender differences in the calcaneal BMD in 2- and 4-yr-olds. BMD was significantly correlated with age (p<0.001, r=0.78). A weaker correlation was found between BMAD and age (p<0.001, r=0.23). Based on the data from the 2-yr follow-up; a total of 645 (328 girls/ 317 boys) measurements, reference curves (mean ± 2 SD) were produced for calcaneal BMD in girls and boys aged 2 - 10 yrs according to age and height. Conclusions Gender differences are present in the heel bone BMD at an early age. This study presents gender specific reference curves for heel BMD for children 2-10 yrs of age. These data will be valuable in future research and for evaluating the bone health in children with different disorders and a useful complement when other bone mass measurement techniques are not possible to use, e.g. due to metallic implants.BMAD may reflect mineralization without the influence of bone size. Disclosures: None
|
|
