| 2. |
- Blom, May, et al.
(författare)
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Daily stress and social support among women with CAD : results from a 1-year randomized controlled stress management intervention study.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 16:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress may play a causative role in development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD).PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of a 1-year stress management program on daily stress behavior and social support among female CAD patients.METHOD: Women, 247 (RESULTS: Daily stress scores for the intervention and control groups were at baseline 39.5 +/- 8.1 vs. 37.2 +/- 9.1 (p = 0.06), 10 weeks 37.2 +/- 8.0 vs. 35.5 +/- 9.4 (p = 0.20), 1-year 36.1 +/- 7.2 vs. 35.9 +/- 8.5 (p = 0.85), and at 1-2 year follow-up 34.0 +/- 7.8 vs. 35.3 +/- 8.7 (p = 0.32), respectively. Intention to treat analyses showed interaction between treatment and time [F(3,213) = 2.72; p = 0.01] reflecting that the decrease was more pronounced in the intervention group. There was no evidence for a difference in change concerning social support.CONCLUSION: CAD women in the intervention group had a more pronounced reduction of self-rated daily stress behavior over time compared to controls. However, as the intervention group had higher baseline values, due to regression toward the mean, we have no evidence that the difference in decrease of daily stress was due to the intervention.
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| 3. |
- Blom, May, et al.
(författare)
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Work and marital status in relation to depressive symptoms and social support among women with coronary artery disease.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Women's Health. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1540-9996 .- 1931-843X. ; 16:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Work and marital status have been shown to be associated with health outcome in women. However, the effect of employment and marriage on psychosocial functioning has been studied predominantly in healthy subjects. We investigated whether work and marital status are associated with depressive symptoms, social support, and daily stress behavior in women with coronary artery disease (CAD).METHODS: Data of 105 women with CAD and of working age were analyzed. General linear models were used to determine the association between work and marital status and depressive symptoms, social support, and daily stress behavior.RESULTS: Women who were working at the time of measurement had lower levels of depressive symptoms (7.0 +/- 1.2 vs. 12.1 +/- 0.9, p < 0.01) and higher levels of social support (21.6 +/- 1.0 vs. 18.9 +/- 0.7, p = 0.03) than the nonworking women, whereas marital status was not related to any of the outcome variables. Results were similar after adjusting for potential confounders, that is, age, education, self-reported health, and risk factors for CAD. There was no significant interaction between marital status and working status on depressive symptoms, social support, or daily stress behavior.CONCLUSIONS: In women with CAD, all <65 years of age, after a cardiac event, patients working had lower levels of depressive symptoms and a better social integration than those not working, regardless of reason for being nonemployed. Daily stress behavior, depression, and social support did not differ between cohabiting and not cohabiting women. Future interventions should take into consideration that women with CAD who are unemployed may have a higher risk for depression and social isolation and, therefore, poor clinical outcomes.
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