| 1. |
- Alizadehgharib, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of a non-tobacco-based nicotine pouch on mucosal lesions caused by Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus)
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 130:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oral mucosal lesions are commonly found in Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) users where the pouch is placed. These lesions are reversible, that is, clinical and histological tissue changes return to normal following cessation. However, the exact mechanisms behind these changes are unknown. The main aim of this study was to investigate how snus-like non-tobacco-based nicotine pouches affect the oral mucosa and the severity of pre-existing lesions. Sixty regular users of Swedish smokeless tobacco were encouraged to substitute their snus with non-tobacco-based nicotine pouch products during a 6-week period. Meanwhile, oral mucosal lesions were assessed using a four-degree scale. Over time, a reduction of pre-existing mucosal lesions was observed between baseline and the final visit. In a second part, the effect of exposure to regular snus on the production of 48 different cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was compared in vitro with that resulting from exposure to the non-tobacco-based nicotine products. Results showed significantly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in cells exposed to regular snus compared to untreated or cells exposed to the non-tobacco-based nicotine products. This may be related to the improved clinical appearance of the oral mucosa in the participants that used the non-tobacco-based nicotine test pouches.
|
|
| 2. |
- Alizadehgharib, Sara, et al.
(författare)
-
The Immunomodulatory Properties of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate are Mediated by the NLRP3 Inflammasome.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The journal of adhesive dentistry. - 1461-5185. ; 20:3, s. 213-220
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The methacrylate monomer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), commonly used in dentistry, has multiple effects on the immune system. This study examined whether HEMA affects the immune system by inducing formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the human monocyte cell line THP1 were cultured with or without 1000 μM HEMA. To block NLRP3 inflammasome activation, 130 mM KCl was also added to some of the cultures. For the in vivo studies, two different experimental setups were used. In the first experimental setup, mice were injected subcutaneously at the base of the tail with 20 μmol HEMA with or without 100 mM KCl. After 3 weeks, the animals were given an identical booster injection. Two weeks after the last injection, the mice were sacrificed and splenectomized. In the second experimental setup, HEMA (20 μmol), with or without 100 mM KCl, was injected subcutaneously into the tails of BALB/c mice. The mice were given two similar injections at 3-week intervals to allow evaluation of the local inflammation induced by HEMA. After the last inoculation, the injection site was examined daily for 4 days, after which the mice were sacrificed.Cultures of PBMCs and THP1 cells exposed to HEMA in vitro produced more IL-1ß and IL-18 than did control cells. Increased extracellular concentration of KCl inhibited the secretion of IL-1ß. HEMA exposure did not induce cytokine production in variants of the THP1 cell line unable to form the NLRP3 inflammasome. For the first experimental setup, the level of unstimulated basic splenocyte proliferation in vitro was significantly higher in cultures from mice exposed in vivo to HEMA only than in cultures from mice injected with HEMA plus KCl. In the second experimental setup of the in vivo studies, the HEMA-treated mice developed more pronounced inflammation at the site of injection compared to the group of mice given HEMA plus KCl.HEMA affects the immune system by inducing formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
|
|
