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- Abreu, P., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the GAMMA(B-B-OVER-BAR)/GAMMA(HAD) branching ratio of thez by double hemisphere tagging
- 1995
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields. - 0170-9739 .- 1431-5858. ; 65:4, s. 555-568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two measurements of Γbbˉ/Γhad are presented. Both measurements use 250000Z decays taken with the DELPHI detector in 1991 and rely mainly on the precision of the microvertex detector. One tagging method is as simple as possible so that background rates can be reliably predicted by simulation. The other one uses a more involved tagging technique and reduces the dependence on simulation as much as possible. Combining both results, Γbbˉ/Γhad is found to be 0.2209±0.0041(stat.)±0.0042(syst.)±0.0018 Γccˉ .
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- Babushkin, Oleg, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal expansion of hot isostatically pressed hydroxyapatite
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry. - 0959-9428 .- 1364-5501. ; 4:3, s. 413-415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dense and transparent hydroxyapatite produced by hot isostatic pressing was investigated with respect to its stability and thermal expansion behaviour in the range 20–1150 °C. The evaluation was made by high-temperature X-ray diffraction in a reconstructed test chamber with a BN sample holder and Pt as an internal (in situ) reference. No degradation of the hydroxyapatite was detected in the range investigated. The lattice parameters, a and c, were determined as a function of temperature. The linear thermal expansion coefficient, determined by dilatometry, was 17.1 × 10–6°C–1, which agreed well with the value 17.3 × 10–6°C–1 obtained by X-ray diffraction.
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- Harris, David M., et al.
(författare)
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Hydrograph Separation Using Continuous Open System Isotope Mixing
- 1995
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Ingår i: Water resources research. - 0043-1397 .- 1944-7973. ; 31:1, s. 157-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a new hydrograph separation method for runoff source modeling based on continuous open system isotope mixing using a variable source area and three isotopic reservoirs. The three reservoirs are (1) direct precipitation on saturated areas, (2) a near-stream saturated zone, and (3) subsurface water in upslope areas. The reservoir sizes and isotopic compositions evolve due to continuous, open system mixing. Streamflow is composed of rainfall on saturated areas and water exfiltrated from the near-stream Saturated zone. The contributing source fractions are determined using the observed isotopic compositions of the stream and the modeled isotopic compositions of the contributing reservoirs, which are functions of time. The near-stream saturated zone receives inflow from upslope areas which are not Surface saturated. The surface-saturated area changes dynamically based on the difference between lateral inflow and contributions to streamflow from the near-stream saturated zone. The upslope zone (reservoir 3) evolves by mixing with rainfall. This hydrograph separation method requires (1) a function which relates the amount of water stored in the near-stream saturated zone to saturated area, (2) a function which relates saturated area fraction to total streamflow, and (3) knowledge of the water storage capacity in reservoirs 2 and 3. The hydrograph separation method was applied to oxygen isotope data for rainfall and runoff during a 36-hour storm at the Gardsjon Fl catchment in southwestern Sweden, The hydrograph separation method was used to estimate time-dependent streamflow contributions due to overland flow of storm rainfall and. subsurface flow of mainly preevent water. We also used the separation method to estimate parameters for relations between saturated area fraction and streamflow, and saturated area and subsurface water storage. We show that streamflow contributions from overland flow may be described by a simple analytic function of antecedent conditions and catchment parameters.
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