| 1. |
- Allern, Sigurd, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Journalism as a public good : A Scandinavian perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journalism - Theory, Practice & Criticism. - : SAGE Publications. - 1464-8849 .- 1741-3001. ; 20:11, s. 1423-1439
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The democratic importance of journalism is related to public good aspects of media products, as well as news media’s positive externalities. Journalism of high quality helps ensure we are all better informed and thus benefits democracy. Lack of investigative journalism may incur large social costs. However, journalism as a public good is difficult to fund on a commercial basis. Historically, an economic solution for media companies has been advertising subsidies, plus different types of public and private support. Today, the long-time marriage between news organisations and advertisers is severely weakened, and nothing so far suggests that digital revenues alone can finance a varied, broad and original news production. In the eyes of capitalist investors, news organisations represent the past, not the future. This article discusses, on the basis of Scandinavian media experiences and recent policy reforms, the necessity of a media policy and a funding system that acknowledges quality journalism as societal knowledge production and a public good.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Allern, Sigurd, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Källkritik! Journalistik i lögnens tid
- 2019
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den digitala revolutionen har under några decennier gjort att tillgången på informationskällor har ökat dramatiskt. Samtidigt har det inneburit mångdubblade möjligheter för felinformation och desinformation, för falska nyheter och för spridning av myter och propaganda. Gränslinjen mellan sanning och lögn har blivit svårare att dra. Utvecklingen är en utmaning för journalistikens informationskvalitet och nyhetsmediernas roll som informationskälla, granskare och forum för samhällsdebatt.I den här boken diskuteras källkritikens villkor, principer och betydelse i en tid där desinformation och lögn sprids minst lika snabbt som sanna påståenden. Bokens normativa utgångspunkt är kravet om sannfärdighet och verklighetsförankring i nyhetsmediernas rapportering. Källkritikens begrepp och praxis diskuteras först och främst i förhållande till journalistikens utmaningar, men de generella problemställningarna är också relevanta för andra ämnesområden där kunskap är beroende av trovärdiga källor och kvalitetsgranskat källmaterial. Eftersom medier av olika slag är centrala för kommunikation och kunskapsförmedling i vår samtid, är källkritisk medvetenhet av generell betydelse för alla samhällsmedborgare. Källkritik! Journalistik i lögnens tid är ett bidrag till en mer kvalificerad diskussion på området.
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| 4. |
- Allern, Sigurd, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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New Nordic Noir : Political Scandals as Drama and Media Hunts
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Routledge Companion to Media and Scandal. - London : Routledge. - 9781351173001 ; , s. 129-137
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter focuses on the basis of Nordic research, present data about the incidence, types and consequences of scandals in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden as well as discuss the political and societal effects of scandal journalism. It discusses the way in which mediated political scandals are launched, dramatized and interpreted. For Nordic news media, information on norm violations that can be reported, staged and dramatized as a political scandal is a competitive resource and a strategic, market-related investment in terms of reputation and audience interest. In practice, professional standards in Nordic scandal journalism vary considerably. The most typical Nordic “sex scandals” are accusations of rape or sexual harassment, buying sexual services from prostitutes or intercourse with minors, actions prohibited by law. Several factors may have influenced the increased importance of scandals in Nordic countries after the millennium. The liberalization and deregulation of the public sector in all Nordic countries has created opportunities for more private competition, but it has also increased the importance of lobbyism.
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| 5. |
- Allern, Sigurd, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic political scandals – Frequency, types and consequences
- 2016
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Ingår i: Mediated Scandals. - Köln : Herbert von Halem Verlag. - 9783869622033 ; , s. 146-164
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigating powerful institutions and public figures plays an important part in the professional ideology of journalism. Exposing circumstances that create scandals help news organisations strengthen their legitimacy, and sometimes result in journalistic awards. In certain contexts journalistic investigations provide us with new knowledge about goings on in the hidden corridors of power, insights that can strengthen open, democratic debates. A society without any revelations that voters interpret as scandalous may be symptomatic of authoritarian control and a lack of press freedom. According to the sociologist Jeffrey Alexander (1988), journalists are taking in the responsibility of restoring the moral order of society.It would, however, be naïve to interpret any mediated scandal as strengthening democratic processes. Sometimes scandal reports reveal transgressions of norms that from a political point of view are quite trivial and after some time are easily forgotten by the public. The distinction between the important and the irrelevant may then be blurred. Democratic values are not necessarily enhanced when elected leaders, after days or weeks of media hunts, are pressed to resign before those who have elected them have a chance to influence the outcome. Neither do unilateral media campaigns that include tendencies of demonization create an ideal climate for reasoning and public debate.For a long time the Nordic region was regarded a scandal-free zone compared with other parts of Western Europe and the US. Commenting well-known political corruption cases in Western Germany in the 1980s, John Logue (1988: 261), for example, added that the Scandinavian labour movements and governments “are virtually free of such embarrassments”. Nobody would award such a political and moral certificate today.An analysis of national, political scandals in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland covering the period 1980 – 2009, confirms that political scandals have gradually become a more regular feature in news media coverage, but with a low increase throughout the first two decades. The significant increase comes in 2000-2009, with a level nearly three times higher than in the first two decades (Allern, Kantola, Pollack & Blach-Ørsten, 2012). In this article we will present some of the results from this Nordic study and compare them with a new analysis of national political scandals in two of the countries, Sweden and Norway, in the following five years (2010-2014). Three questions will be addressed: Is there still an increased incidence of mediated scandals over time? In a societal context, how important are the norm violations? What have been the consequences for scandalized politicians?
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| 6. |
- Allern, Sigurd, 1946-
(författare)
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PR-byråene og politikken
- 2015
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Ingår i: Makt, medier og politikk. - Oslo : Universitetsforlaget. - 9788215024585 ; , s. 118-130
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Allern, Sigurd, et al.
(författare)
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Svängdörrarnas förlovade land : Lobbyismens betydelse för klassamhällets eliter
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här texten diskuteras några av de demokratiproblem som är knutna till en samhällsutveckling där privat, kommersialiserad lobbying spelar en växande politisk roll och där politiskt tillitskapital kan utnyttjats kommersiellt.Först definieras och diskuteras begreppet lobbyism, därefter dryftas den ekonomiska och politiska bakgrunden till PR-branschens framväxt. Sedan går vi mer konkret in på politiska karriärer i ”svängdörrarnas rike” och ger exempel på politisk påtryckarmakt. Efter det för vi en diskussion om vilken typ av kompetens som är till salu på denna konsultmarknad.I slutavsnittet pekar vi på behovet av ökad öppenhet och hårdare reglering av ett politiskt system där politiskt förtroendekapital i rask takt förvandlas till en ordinär vara på marknaden.
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| 8. |
- Allern, Sigurd, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Advocacy Think Tanks as News Sources and Agenda-Setters
- 2016
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Ingår i: Tidsskriftet Politik. - : Det Kgl. Bibliotek/Royal Danish Library. - 1604-0058. ; 19:1, s. 61-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The topic of this paper is the media visibility of Swedish advocacy think tanks, as measured by references to these think tanks in leading Swedish print newspapers. Advocacy think tanks are, in contrast with more research-oriented think tanks, characterised by their outspoken ideological and political agenda. In public debates, they often have a partisan role. Four research questions will be answered: How often are these advocacy think tanks referred to in the news? How important are they as commentators and opinion-makers? How are they presented as sources in the news? What is the relative strength of market-liberal and right-wing think tanks versus red/green think tanks, in terms of media representation and agenda-setting?The selection criteria, type of newspapers, and time period used in this study of Swedish advocacy think tanks have been coordinated with parallel, national think tank studies by media researchers in Denmark, Norway, and Finland. Several changes in the think tank landscape took place after the turn of the millennium, which motivated us to select two full newspaper years, 2006 and 2013, to better cover these developments. To gain a deeper understanding of the think tanks’ backgrounds, their cooperation with other think tanks, and their media strategies, we conducted background interviews with representatives from four advocacy think tanks. We met with Karin Svanborg-Sjövall, CEO of Timbro; Boa Ruthström, CEO of Arena Idé, and Maja Dahl, communication manager of Arena Idé; Mattias Goldmann, CEO of Fores; and Daniel Suhonen, the leader of Katalys.
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| 9. |
- Borgen, Turid, 1957-
(författare)
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Mellom samfunnsoppdrag og marked : En studie av utviklingen av sjefredaktørrollen i utvalgte norske og svenske mediehus fra 1985 til 2015
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation analyses changes in the role of editors-in-chief in ten leading Norwegian and Swedish media houses – today owned by either Bonnier or Schibsted – in light of the potential tensions between journalistic ideals and market demands. This duality is studied over a period of 30 years, from 1985 to 2015. The most defining changes in the structural framework under which editors-in-chief work are the ongoing technological revolution, the transformation from an analogue into a digital society, and structural, economic changes related to this development. Methodologically, the study builds on data from qualitative in-depth interviews, mainly with 33 past and present editors-in-chief. It also contains a study of how the role of editors-in-chief has been reported and discussed in the magazines of two media branch organisations. The changing role of editors-in-chief is analysed within an institutional perspective. The main empirical results are as follows: (1) Owners and company management have considered the recruitment of editors-in-chief to be highly important throughout the period, and they have used their influence actively. Internal recruitment processes are a standard procedure. Very few of those chosen are women; men recruit other men. The last decade shows a recruitment process becoming more centralized and professionalized. (2) Most editors-in-chief represented in the study have a background in the newsroom. This has traditionally been the main qualification. (3) Regular meetings have structured most of the working hours for editors-in-chief. From an institutional perspective, meetings have played a norm-setting and ritualised role. During the last decade, some of those meetings have included not only journalists but also employees from other departments. (4) Those respondents who were active during the last period investigated perceive the increased speed of work on a daily basis and the more complex editorial role as the main changes and challenges. (5) Many of the respondents are so-called ‘silent’ editors. Due to a lack of time, they do not write much in their own papers. Lately, this has changed to some extent, especially among Swedish editors. This finding is one of the major differences between Norwegian and Swedish editors-in-chief. (6) Editors are still responsible for journalistic content, but demands on the part of commercial management have gradually become more important, and strategic decisions have become more centralized. The metaphor about the need to balance the demands of the ‘Marketplace and Cathedral’ has been replaced by the metaphor ‘We are all in the same boat’. The journalistic institution is under pressure. (7) Despite the immense technological and economic changes in the business and in the structural framework, there is also stability in the role due to the robust nature of journalism as an institution. The role of editor-in-chief is complex, and during the last 30 years, it has become even more so. The structural conditions have affected the role in various ways. While the basic tasks of editors-in-chief remain rooted in editorial work, downsizing and market demands have simultaneously undermined the autonomy and power of editors-in-chief, especially in relation to central media group management.
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| 10. |
- Danielson, Magnus, 1961-
(författare)
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Den granskande makten : Institutionell identitet och rättsnarrativ i SVT:s Uppdrag granskning
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SVT:s Uppdrag granskning ett av de mest högprofilerade TV-program som specialiserat sig på uppgiften att granska makten. Programmet studeras i den egenskapen som en fallstudie inom forskningsområdet journalistik och makt.Journalistisk granskning av makt utgör ett sätt på vilket det demokratiska samhället hanterar vissa typer av överträdelse, skuld och ansvar. Uppdrag granskning kan i det sammanhanget ses och undersökas som en social institution som agerar inom det rätts-moraliska området. Reportrar identifierar överträdelser, leder i bevis, intervjuar offer och vittnen, ställer överträdare till svars samt initierar diskussioner kring rättvisa, moral och samhällsansvar. En narrativ analys av fem utvalda program inriktar sig på att undersöka hur programmets granskningar konstruerar institutionell identitet samt formerar, reproducerar och legitimerar journalistikens egen makt och legitimitet då de presenteras i rättsnarrativ form.En kvantitativ innehållsanalys av Uppdrag gransknings samtliga program mellan 2001-2014 ger svar på frågorna: Vilka makthavare granskas? Vilken typ av maktmissbruk eller missförhållanden handlar granskningarna om, inom vilka problem- och samhällsområden görs de?Fem journalister har också intervjuats i syfte att ge perspektiv på deras egna tankar, reflektioner och åsikter om journalistik och makt.Avhandlingen utgör ett bidrag till den fortlöpande diskussion om mediernas makt och förhållande till makt som efterlyses i demokratiutredningen SOU, 2000:1 ”En hållbar demokrati”
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