| 1. |
- Alm, Susanne
(author)
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En fråga om ekonomi och/ eller attityder? : Gifta mödrars vara eller inte vara på arbetsmarknaden i det sena 1960-talets Sverige
- 2020
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In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 26:4, s. 7-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Med hjälp av tidigare outnyttjade data från 1960-talets slut undersöks kvinnors, men också deras makars, inställning till gifta mödrars förvärvsarbete vid tiden för hemmafruepokens övergång i tvåförsörjarfamilj. Sambandet mellan attityder och förvärvsarbete analyseras också. Strukturerade intervjudata från Metropolitundersökningen (n=3184) används. Resultaten visar att kvinnor med högre utbildningsnivå var mer positiva till gifta mödrars förvärvsarbete än kvinnor med lägre utbildningsnivå. Kvinnor med högre utbildningsnivå hade också större möjlighet att låta attityderna styra de egna valen, medan valen för kvinnor med lägre utbildningsnivå i större utsträckning tycktes styras av demografiska och socio-ekonomiska faktorer, såsom ålder, antalet hemmavarande barn och makens yrke.
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| 2. |
- Alm, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course : A prospective cohort study
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:7, s. 726-732
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previous research has shown that poor family relations in childhood are associated with adverse mental health in adulthood. Yet, few studies have followed the offspring until late adulthood, and very few have had access to register-based data on hospitalisation due to psychiatric illness. The aim of this study was to examine the association between poor family relations in adolescence and the likelihood of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course up until age 55. Methods: Data were derived from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study, with information on 2638 individuals born in 1953. Information on family relations was based on interviews with the participants' mothers in 1968. Information on in-patient psychiatric treatment was derived from administrative registers from 1969 to 2008. Binary logistic regression was used. Results: Poor family relations in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of later in-patient treatment for a psychiatric diagnosis, even when adjusting for other adverse conditions in childhood. Further analyses showed that poor family relations in adolescence were a statistically significant predictor of in-patient psychiatric care up until age 36-45, but that the strength of the association attenuated over time. Conclusions: Poor family relationships during upbringing can have serious negative mental-health consequences that persist into mid-adulthood. However, the effect of poor family relations seems to abate with age. The findings point to the importance of effective interventions in families experiencing poor relationships.
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| 3. |
- Alm, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course : A prospective cohort study
- 2020
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - Stockholm : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 48:7, s. 726-732
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Previous research has shown that poor family relations in childhood are associated with adverse mental health in adulthood. Yet, few studies have followed the offspring until late adulthood, and very few have had access to register-based data on hospitalisation due to psychiatric illness. The aim of this study was to examine the association between poor family relations in adolescence and the likelihood of in-patient psychiatric care across the life course up until age 55. Methods: Data were derived from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study, with information on 2638 individuals born in 1953. Information on family relations was based on interviews with the participants' mothers in 1968. Information on in-patient psychiatric treatment was derived from administrative registers from 1969 to 2008. Binary logistic regression was used. Results: Poor family relations in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of later in-patient treatment for a psychiatric diagnosis, even when adjusting for other adverse conditions in childhood. Further analyses showed that poor family relations in adolescence were a statistically significant predictor of in-patient psychiatric care up until age 36-45, but that the strength of the association attenuated over time. Conclusions: Poor family relationships during upbringing can have serious negative mental-health consequences that persist into mid-adulthood. However, the effect of poor family relations seems to abate with age. The findings point to the importance of effective interventions in families experiencing poor relationships.
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| 4. |
- Alm, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Poor family relationships in adolescence as a risk factor of in-patient somatic care across the life course : Findings from a 1953 cohort
- 2021
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In: SSM - Population Health. - : Elsevier. - 2352-8273. ; 14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Prior research has shown that poor family relations during upbringing have long-term detrimental effects on mental health. Few previous studies have, however, focused on somatic health outcomes and studies rarely cover the life span until retirement age. The aims of the current study were, firstly, to examine the association between poor family relationships in adolescence and in-patient somatic care across the life course whilst adjusting for confounders at baseline and concurrent psychiatric in-patient care; and secondly, to compare the risks of somatic and psychiatric in-patient care across the life course.Methods: Prospective data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort study were used, with 2636 participants born in 1953 who were followed up until 2016. Information on family relationships was collected from the participants' mothers in 1968. Annual information on in-patient somatic and psychiatric care was retrieved from official register data from 1969 to 2016.Results: Poisson regressions showed that poor family relationships in adolescence were associated with an increased risk of in-patient somatic care in mid- and especially in late adulthood (ages 44-53 and 54-63 years), even when controlling for the co-occurrence of psychiatric illness and a range of childhood conditions. No statistically significant association was observed in early adulthood (ages 16-43 years), when controlling for confounders. These findings are in sharp contrast to the analyses of inpatient psychiatric care, according to which the association with poor family relations was strongest in early adulthood and thereafter attenuated across the life course.Conclusion: Poor family relationships in adolescence are associated with an increased risk of severe consequences for somatic health lasting to late adulthood even when controlling for confounders including in-patient psychiatric care, emphasising the potentially important role of early interventions.
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| 5. |
- Alm, Susanne
(author)
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Sibling configuration and the right to fail – parental and children’s own scholastic aspirations in different types of families
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-3843 .- 2164-4527. ; 25:1, s. 154-171
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the study was to explore the life circumstances of singletons and first-born children, and the importance of the size of the sibling group, by focusing on scholastic aspirations, both on part of the children themselves, but also of their parents. The study used data collected with around 3650 children and their parents, and apart from information on the children’s and their parents’ explicit aspirations, there was also information on the children’s estimation of their parents’ aspirations. While only small differences in parental explicit aspirations were found, substantial differences were found with respect to the children’s own aspirations and their estimations of those of their parents. Only children were more likely to estimate high scholastic aspirations on part of their parents, as were first-borns with siblings. First- also tended to express higher scholastic aspirations themselves. Theoretically, strategic parenting and role specialization were used to explain the results.
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| 6. |
- Alm, Susanne, 1970-
(author)
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Social inkludering och inställning till omfördelning : Kvinnors attityder i en historisk brytningstid [Social inclusion and attitudes to redistribution. Women’s attitudes in an era of transition]
- 2022
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In: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sociologisk Forskning, Swedish Sociological Association. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 59:3, s. 279-298
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The social rights of citizenship are conditioned on labor market participation. While quite a lot of research has focused on how, e.g., income and type of employment contract are related to attitudes towards welfare redistribution, less interest has been paid to the effect of being active on the labor at all, or not, for those attitudes. This study uses previously unexplored interview data with some 3,000 married women collected in 1968, at the time when married women entered the labor market in large numbers and the housewife era ended. Theoretically, the study departs from a discussion of self-interest and/or care oriented thinking as possible determinants of attitudes to redistribution. The results show that women who were active on the labor market, with control for other factors, tended to be more positive to redistribution than women in unpaid work. Translated into today's discussion of why women tend to be more positive to redistribution than men, the results can be said to point away from explanations in terms of care-oriented thinking, and rather to factors like, e.g., self-interest.
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| 7. |
- Alm, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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The Diminishing Power of One? Welfare State Retrenchment and Rising Poverty of Single-Adult Households in Sweden 1988-2011
- 2020
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In: European Sociological Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0266-7215 .- 1468-2672. ; 36:2, s. 198-217
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, we analyse the sharp rise in poverty among working-age singles and single parents in Sweden. In a dual-earner society like Sweden, we show that the return of mass unemployment in combination with the retreat of a generous and inclusive welfare state have substantially increased the poverty risks of single-adult households, who cannot rely on the income buffering effect of the family. Whereas cutbacks to unemployment benefits have been detrimental for the relative income position of single-adult households, the poverty risks of couples with and without children are much less affected. Individual-level characteristics of the poor persons themselves provide little explanatory leverage for why trends in poverty diverge by family form. Our results raise a number of issues of relevance for the wider academic debate about the capacity of the welfare state to adequately respond to both old and new social risk groups.
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| 8. |
- Alm, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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‘When it rains, it pours’ : Housing evictions and criminal convictions in Sweden
- 2022
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In: European Journal of Criminology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 19:4, s. 612-631
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Precarious housing and criminal behaviour are both important elements in processes of marginalization and cumulative disadvantage. It is well known that housing eviction primarily affects the weakest groups in society. In this article we ask if housing eviction has an independent effect on subsequent criminality and if the effect varies across different types of crime (utilitarian, violent and drug crime). Using propensity score matching on administrative register data covering all housing evictions in Sweden 2009, linked with crime registers and registers containing other relevant background information, we find that eviction increases the conviction rates for all analysed crime types, utilitarian crime in particular.
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| 9. |
- Brolin Låftman, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Future orientation, gambling and risk gambling among youth : a study of adolescents in Stockholm
- 2020
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In: International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0267-3843 .- 2164-4527. ; 25:1, s. 52-62
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to analyze the association between adolescents’ future orientation and their engagement in gambling and in risk gambling, respectively. The data used come from the Stockholm School Survey, collected in 2016 among students in the ninth grade in elementary school (15–16 years) and in the second grade of upper secondary school (17–18 years) in Stockholm municipality (n = 11,661). The results showed that adolescents who expected their future to be ‘much worse’ than that of others were more inclined to engage in gambling and in risk gambling compared with adolescents who expected their future to be similar to that of others. Furthermore, adolescents who expected their future to be ‘much better’ than that of others had an increased likelihood of engaging in gambling but not in risk gambling. The results are discussed in the light of elements from rational choice theory.
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| 10. |
- Kahlmeter, Anna, 1981-
(author)
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Stressful life events and risks for social exclusion in the youth-to-adulthood transition : Findings from Swedish longitudinal data
- 2022
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Family background and childhood conditions have long held a special position in the academic literature as an explanation for young people’s life chances. Less attention has been paid to circumstances and events on the cusp of adulthood. This thesis aims to improve the understanding of how stressful life events are associated with future trajectories of education and labour market attachment. The thesis comprises three empirical studies, all of which draw on longitudinal micro data from Swedish administrative registers.Study I examines different types of housing instability events, among students in upper secondary school still in the parental nest, focusing on non-forced moves as well as eviction threats and forced relocations. It assesses the association between housing instability and educational attainment, operationalized as graduation from upper secondary school. The results suggest that the instability and stress following forced relocations, repeated relocations and long-distance relocations are of particular significance for understanding the link between housing instability and educational outcomes. Single short-distance relocations seem to have little impact on educational success. Findings also indicate that eviction threats, where a forced relocation was arrested, still may have implications for educational attainment. However, sensitivity tests showed that these estimates were not robust to confounding. Averting an eviction, even at this late stage of housing instability, may thus protect against early school leaving. Further research is however needed.Study II follows young individuals from the time of their residential emancipation and maps their labour market establishment trajectories until their mid-thirties, by means of sequence analysis. It then investigates to what extent the experience of economic hardship, measured as different degrees of social assistance receipt, is associated with adverse labour market trajectories. The results indicate that, for a majority of social assistance recipients, the system works as intended, and they transition to education or work rather swiftly, particularly if economic hardship is brief. Extensive hardship, however, is associated with elevated risks of long-term labour market exclusion that persists well into adulthood.Study III draws on register data for 12 complete successive cohorts and examines the link between severe violent victimization in young adulthood and labour market exclusion at ages 25 and 30. It puts particular emphasis on the moderating role of offending and gender. The findings suggest that victimized women are a particularly disadvantaged group, having faced a range of social and financial strain. Female victims of violent crime also face elevated risks of labour market exclusion, both in the short- and the long-term, and regardless of criminal offending. For men, however, violent offending moderates the association. While violent victimization adds to the risk of labour market exclusion for male violent offenders, male non-offenders display no elevated risks.Taken together, the thesis demonstrates that the experience of these life events in the transition from youth to adulthood place young individuals at heightened risk of educational shortfall and exclusion from the labour market, both in the immediate aftermath and later in life. Implications of the findings are that a long-term perspective is warranted in considerations of both preventive and reactive measures.
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