| 1. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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A virtual diorama: Methodologising the digital artefact in cultural heritage research
- 2019
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Ingår i: Current Discourses and Global Challenges, 7-8 November 2019, Critical Heritage Studies, University of Gothenburg.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During a restoration of the Romanesque church in Hemse in 1896, the remains of a stave church were found as reused floor tiles. The discovery was important at the time, providing new information to a prestigious research field with few sources of knowledge. Today the church’s stave members are esoteric museum artefacts, “re-membered” in various forms of production of history. This poster sets out from an in-deep re-examination and virtual reconstruction of the remains from this stave church. The digital reconstruction functions as a virtual diorama to contextualize the diffused and decontextualized remains and contemporaneous religious artefacts. The aim is methodological, to explore the uses of the digital artefact in the research process. The reconstruction is less of a static representation of our knowledge than a historical laboratory through which archive material can be activated and hypotheses can be tested. We seek to methodologise the virtual diorama, using the technology for testing hypothesis and observe the effects when enacting the environment. The presented research is ongoing and we invite for discussion. How can we, through the digital artefact, elicit the sensuous aspects of a virtual place, and at the same time communicate the rigour of research and display the ambiguities of the reconstruction? How can we in an intelligible way map and reference the archive materials without interfering with the presence effect of the diorama? What are the challenges to present an interactive virtual reality file as a self-standing research output? How can we develop the digital artefact to better engage both researchers and the public in a dialogue on the premises of cultural heritage research?
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| 2. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Att bygga en kyrka i trä
- 2017
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Ingår i: Bebyggelseshistorisk tidskrift. - 0349-2834. ; :74, s. 48-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The medieval corner-joint timber church at Södra Råda in Sweden was destroyed by arson in 2001. The building, which dated from the early 14th century, was one of the few extant cornerjoint churches in Scandinavia from this period. The National Heritage Board, which owned the church, began a complete reconstruction of the building “as a pedagogical example to enhance craft practice and historical knowledge of medieval churches”. The reconstruction began in 2006 and is not yet complete. The article details and analyses the results from a decade of building reconstruction. The aim is to shed light on the building processes and carpentry techniques that were used to build a corner-joint church in the early 14th century. The research focuses on historical techniques, materials and tools. How many trees were used and what was their quality? How much material and labour were expended on various parts of the timber structure? The project has also provided opportunities to discuss the construction context of the original building. Who built the church? What knowledge and skills did they have? How was the building conceptualised and how was this information communicated? How were people and materials organised during the building process? The reconstruction is both an arena and a method of research. The research process is shaped by a dialogue between the interpretation of source material and reconstruction practices. The source material comprises extant Swedish medieval timber buildings; tools and building components in museum collections; and written sources and contemporaneous illustrations of buildings and builders. Our empirical study follows a paradigm of clues, making the best of situations where source material is scarce, and its results yield hypotheses for craft-based reconstructive experiments. The reconstruction is designed as a hypothesis-driven deductive experiment, yet enactment sometimes provides unexpected affordances. Enactment through craftwork, in an environment similar to that experienced by medieval workers, without modern equipment or tools, reveals what is possible, impossible, labour-intensive, difficult or feasible when building a corner-joint church such as that at Södra Råda. The research has revealed characteristics of medieval carpentry and building techniques. The results also allow insight into the extensive labour that was required to obtain and prepare the various timber building materials. The roofing: rafters, boards and shingles were cut using cumbersome, labour-intensive methods. Most of the labour, two-thirds of the total, was expended on the roof. Logs for the walls were hewn into timbers with a rectangular cross section and sharp edges. These timbers meet end to end, forming a flush, ninety-degree angle at the corners of the building. This characteristic, common to all medieval corner-joint churches in Sweden, contrasts with secular timber buildings of the same date, which were built of logs with a rounded profile. At Södra Råda, the use of sharp-edged timbers up to 11 metres long calls for very skilled carpentry. Yet this part of the work has consumed a relatively small amount of construction time.
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| 3. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Conservation Theory for Enhanced Craft Practice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions – Anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy, controls. Van Balen & Verstrynge (eds.). - London : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9781138029514
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To improve conservation practice, heritage conservation as a professional field needs to gain a better understanding of how different forms of expertise and skill coalesce in their material interventions in heritage objects (Jones & Jarrow 2014). Among the actors involved in conservation, the craftsman is the one who spends most time on site, close to the source material, and whose innumerable decisions have the greatest impact on the final result (Almevik 2016). Nevertheless, the craftsman is often reduced to a means of production, and is thus detached from the historical inquiry, the design and the structural analysis. This inconsistency is poorly explored in previous research. Taking off from a case of heritage conservation of a medieval corner-timbered tithe barn, this paper explores what an enhancement of craftsmanship in the conservation process implicates in terms of conservation theory. The questions for this paper are: How may craftsmanship be enhanced in the conservation process? What does augmented involvement of craftsmen implicates in terms of conservation theory? Furthermore, arguing that contemporary heritage conservation has to take on a community-based approach to support local heritage values: How may craftsmanship be used in participatory and community-based methods? The research questions have been investigated through the conservation of a 13th century corner-timbered tithe barn in Ingatorp, Sweden. Until recently the barn was an anonymous building used for storage of equipment. A dendrochronological analysis dated the building to 1229±10 years. This makes the tithe barn the second oldest preserved wooden building in Sweden. The research method is practice-led and experiential, using the restoration prac-tice as an arena for inquiry and the methods of practice as methods of inquiry (Almevik & Melin 2015). Concepts and perspectives are influenced by semiotic pragmatism and environmental dynamics and focused on contemporary theory of conservation (Sully 2015, Silberman 2015). The research reveals how the craftsmen’s perception contribute to the forensic building investigation to outline of a buildings history and to obtain a thorough understanding of the structural behaviour of the built cultural heritage. The conclusion underpinned by theoretical inquiry and experimentation in this case is that it is possible to enhance craft practice in all steps of the conservation process, and that doing so is productive in regard of aesthetic, historic, scientific and social heritage values.
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| 4. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Crafting film instructions: e-learning in craft education
- 2019
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Ingår i: Make and learn, Nordic Research Conference in Sloyd, September 17-20, 2019, Gothenburg.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Academisation concerns the phenomenon where vocational and practice-oriented fields enter higher education, but also the fact that higher education in general becomes more firmly directed towards scholar competences and research. The ongoing academisation have put pressure on craft educations to develop more efficient pedagogical approaches to hands on skills-acquisition. This paper elaborate on combinations of film instruction and face-to-face learning to augment both hands-on skills and analytical attitudes in crafts. The paper reviews the research field and reflects on own experiences in the use of e-learning and filmed instructions in craft education. The research material consist of own production of film instructions and assessment of pedagogical uses in craft education in graduate courses. The research question is how e-learning can be used in craft education to complement and gear up the efficiency of face-to-face instruction? The preliminary result points at the need to develop a variety of genres of instructions. Filmed instructions need to be declared in terms of learning outcomes and constructively linked to other pedagogical formats of a course curriculum.
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| 5. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969
(författare)
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Det forensiska perspektivet. Hantverkarens dokumentation i kulturmiljövården
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hantverksvetenskap. - Mariestad : Göteborgs universitet, Hantverkslaboratoriet. - 9789198397420
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hantverkskunskaper omtalas ofta i termer av material och metoder. Den kunnige målaren har djupgående kunskaper om materialens egenskaper så som pigment, bindemedel och tillsatser men också om metoderna att riva pigment, pigmentera, blanda färgen och bemåla ytorna. Att beskriva ett pigment eller ett recept vägleds av konventioner. Det finns en terminologi och sätt att väga och vikta materialen. Men hur beskrivs själva görandet? Hur förmedlas de många situationsspecifika kvalitetsbedömningarna som görs med hänsyn till samverkande effekter av bindemedlets egenskaper, pigmentet, vattnet, underlaget, klimatet och den önskade ytan? Den här texten handlar om metoder för dokumentation och undersökning inom kulturmiljövården med huvudsakligt fokus på byggnadsvård.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969
(författare)
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From Archive to Living Heritage. Participatory Documentation Methods in Crafts
- 2016
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Ingår i: Crafting Cultural Heritage. A. Palmsköld (red.). - Gothenburg : University of Gothenburg. - 1101-3303. - 9789198140637 ; , s. 77-99
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The idea of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), in which traditional craftsmanship is identified as one of five domains for safeguarding, is based on a people-up system with appropriate community-based methods to elicit local heritage values. However, by far the two most highlighted implementation tools on the operational agenda are “the urgent safeguarding list” and “the representative list,” the methodology of which we are familiar with through western museum tradition. Critical research has revealed how the international procedures for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage revolve around a list of selection and display, subordinated to national and regional political interests.1 Yet the operational directives for implementation do provide other less conventional tools. There is support firstly for exemplary methods of working with intangible heritage, secondly for participation of communities and groups in non-governmental organizations and centers of expertise. These latter participatory tools reflect the principles and objectives of the convention, yet they are far from being the ones in focus. The subject of this article is the documentation of intangible heritage, whose safeguarding is a core activity. What context-appropriate methods do we need to involve craftspersons in documentation of craft procedures and crafted objects within their scope of competence and sense of heritage? How can we design for participation in heritage conservation and museum practice?
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| 8. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969
(författare)
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Hantverkligt vetenskapande
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hantverksvetenskap. - Mariestad : Göteborgs universitet, Hantverkslaboratoriet. - 9789198397420
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Den här texten är inledningen till en bok med titeln Hantverksvetenskap. Hantverksforskning är en vid benämning för olika slags undersökningar om, genom och i hantverk. Traditionell akademisk hantverksforskning kan handla om skråväsendets ekonomiska historia, hemslöjdens kulturhistoria eller järnframställningens arkeologi. En relativt ny företeelse inom akademien är att konstnärligt skapande, design och konsthantverk har etablerats som forskningsfält i sin egen rätt, med formella ramverk i form av examensrättigheter, utbildningsplaner och akademiska tjänster. Den europeiska samordningen av högre utbildning som initierades med Bolognamötet 1999 gav konsthögskolorna egna konstnärliga fakulteter med allmänna utbildningsnivåer för kandidatexamen, masterexamen och doktorsexamen. Hantverksvetenskap, som är temat för denna bok, har många likheter med den konstnärliga forskningen som genomförs i och genom en konstnärlig praktik, men det finns också avgörande skillnader.
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| 9. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969
(författare)
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Hantverksvetenskap och vetenskapligt hantverk: Om utvärdering av lärandemål i hantverksinriktad högskoleutbildning : Science in crafts and the craft of science: Craft-oriented programs in Swedish national higher education assessments
- 2019
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Ingår i: FormAkademisk. - : OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University. - 1890-9515. ; 12:1, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article concerns the Swedish national assessments of higher education during 1997 to 2015 with focus on craft-oriented programs. The research question is what happens when education with basis in a traditional craft field enter higher education, and how the national assessments affect the process of academisation? The concepts of theory and practice are used instrumentally to analyse the discourse of the national assessments. The research shows that the assessments systematically disregard the professional fields of study. The initial provision of the higher education act stating that higher education shall be grounded on proven experience and artistic practice alongside scholarship is made light of. Craft-oriented education ends up in an ambiguous position in between arts and science, on the one side the arts with a demand for artistic subjectivity and on the other side the rigor of science.
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| 10. |
- Almevik, Gunnar, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Hemse Stave Church Revisited
- 2018
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Ingår i: Lund Archaeological Review. - 1401-2189. ; 23, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During a restoration of the Romanesque church in Hemse in 1896, the remains of a stave church were found as reused floor tiles. The discovery was important at the time, providing new information to a prestigious research field with few sources of knowledge. Today, the remains of Hemse are esoteric and inaccessible for scholarship. The stave church material in the present museum context seems to have one function, to communicate an age value. The leading question in this article is, what more could we retrieve from this old archaeological material? We may agree that the museum’s archaeological collections and the stave church remains are valuable sources, but for what new kind of knowledge? This article presents the process and outcome of an in-depth examination of the material remains and archival records of Hemse stave church. The aim is to develop or revise how this wooden church may have been constructed and appeared both outside and inside when it functioned as a building. The research method uses three perspectives that give access to different paths of knowledge: a discursive perspective, a forensic perspective, and a dwelling perspective. The research results are contextualized in an interactive model of Hemse that provides a visual experience that gives a sense of the stave church as a real place and not just a theoretical space. The results are grounded on empirical evidence but also on the intellectual discourse of which it is a product. The reconstruction is less of a static representation of our knowledge than a simulation or a research laboratory through which hypotheses can be tried and both researchers and the public can be engaged in a dialogue.
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