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- Forslund, Sofia K., et al.
(författare)
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Combinatorial, additive and dose-dependent drug–microbiome associations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 600:7889, s. 500-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the transition from a healthy state to cardiometabolic disease, patients become heavily medicated, which leads to an increasingly aberrant gut microbiome and serum metabolome, and complicates biomarker discovery1–5. Here, through integrated multi-omics analyses of 2,173 European residents from the MetaCardis cohort, we show that the explanatory power of drugs for the variability in both host and gut microbiome features exceeds that of disease. We quantify inferred effects of single medications, their combinations as well as additive effects, and show that the latter shift the metabolome and microbiome towards a healthier state, exemplified in synergistic reduction in serum atherogenic lipoproteins by statins combined with aspirin, or enrichment of intestinal Roseburia by diuretic agents combined with beta-blockers. Several antibiotics exhibit a quantitative relationship between the number of courses prescribed and progression towards a microbiome state that is associated with the severity of cardiometabolic disease. We also report a relationship between cardiometabolic drug dosage, improvement in clinical markers and microbiome composition, supporting direct drug effects. Taken together, our computational framework and resulting resources enable the disentanglement of the effects of drugs and disease on host and microbiome features in multimedicated individuals. Furthermore, the robust signatures identified using our framework provide new hypotheses for drug–host–microbiome interactions in cardiometabolic disease.
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| 2. |
- Ramos, Lucas P., et al.
(författare)
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A wavelength-resolution sar change detection method based on image stack through robust principal component analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-4292. ; 13:5, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently, it was demonstrated that low-frequency wavelength-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images could be considered to follow an additive mixing model due to their backscatter characteristics. This simplification allows for the use of source separation methods, such as robust principal component analysis (RPCA) via principal component pursuit (PCP), for detecting changes in those images. In this manuscript, a change detection method for wavelength-resolution SAR images based on image stack through RPCA is proposed. The method aims to explore both the temporal and flight heading diversity of a set of wavelength-resolution multitemporal SAR images in order to detect concealed targets in forestry areas. A heuristic based on three rules for better exploring the RPCA results is introduced, and a new configurable parameter for false alarm reduction based on the analysis of image windows is proposed. The method is evaluated using real data obtained from measurements of the ultrawideband (UWB) very high-frequency (VHF) SAR system CARABAS-II. Experiments for stacks of four and seven reference images are conducted, and the use of reference images acquired with different flight headings is explored. The results indicate that a gain in performance can be achieved by using large image stacks containing, at least, one image of each possible flight heading of the data set, which can result in a probability of detection (PD) above 99% for a false alarm rate (FAR) as low as one false alarm per three square kilometers. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that high PD and low FAR can be achieved, also considering images from similar flight headings as reference images. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 3. |
- Voigt, Gustavo H. M., et al.
(författare)
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Change detection method for intensity VHF wavelength-resolution SAR images
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 9781510645684
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the proposal of a new change detection method for intensity VHF wavelength-resolution images. High-Amplitude pixels are related to the presence of strong scatterers, resulting in high detection probability performance. However, the number of false alarms tends to be high too. In this initial study, difference images are considered to reduce the influence of the strong scatterers that are not related to targets, i.e., present in both surveillance and reference images. The proposed change detection method is based on a likelihood-ratio test, where the tested hypothesis is the bivariate exponential distribution. The derivation of the proposed likelihood test is presented. Finally, the proposed change detection method is assessed considering data measured with the CARABAS II VHF UWB SAR system. Preliminary results show that the proposed method is efficient in detecting positive changes. © 2021 SPIE.
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