| 1. |
- Alwall Svennefelt, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Lantbrukarperspektiv på "Säkert Bondförnuft" : Uppföljning av en nationell satsning för att förebygga personskador i lantbruket
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Arbetsolycksfall är en stor kostnad och medför stora problem för såväl samhälle, företag som individer. En av de mest utsatta branscherna är lantbruket i Sverige, men också i många andra delar av världen där sektorn har likartade problem. Finansiering via EU:s landsbygdsprogram gav möjligheter att jobba förebyggande i en stor landsomfattande satsning "Säkert Bondförnuft" som administrerades av Lantbrukarnas riksförbund (LRF) och som genomförts i samarbete med Institutet för jordbruks- och miljöteknik (JTI) samt Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) . I studien ingick att särskilt belysa lantbrukarnas perspektiv på inställningen till arbetsmiljöfrågor och om de vidtagit arbetsmiljöförbättringar inom sitt företag efter att ha deltagit i någon av de två huvudaktiviteterna 2012: a) Kursen "Tre träffar till Säkert Bondförnuft" eller b) Individuellt gårdsbesök, samt en kontrollgrupp som inte deltagit i någon av dessa aktiviteter. En särskild uppföljning gjordes också av en grupp lantbrukare som deltog i aktiviteter 2010 avseende deras arbetsmiljöarbete 2012. Projektet genomfördes i form av strukturerade frågor via telefonintervjuer med lantbrukare som deltagit i Säkert Bondförnufts aktiviteter. Resultaten från 2012 aktiviteter visade bl. a. att de tillfrågade lantbrukarna i hög grad vidtagit åtgärder för att förbättra arbetsmiljön på sin gård. Det framgick också av intervjusvaren att sex-sju av tio lantbrukare upplevde att arbetsmiljö och säkerhet blev viktigare efter att man deltagit i Säkert Bondförnufts olika aktiviteter. En stor andel av lantbrukarna upplevde att man efter deltagandet i Säkert Bondförnufts aktiviteter fått tillräckliga kunskaper för att de själva eller tillsammans med andra på gården skulle kunna fortsätta bedriva systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete och/eller andra arbetsmiljöförbättrande åtgärder. I de fall då man inte upplevde att man hade tillräckliga kunskaper efterlyste man mer rådgivning på gårdsnivå, ytterligare arbetsmiljöutbildning och bättre rådgivningsmaterial. Lantbrukarna som intervjuades fick även svara på korta frågor kring deras attityder till risker och säkerhetsfrågor i lantbruket. Kontrollgruppen fick samma frågor som de som deltagit i Säkert Bondförnufts aktiviteter. De allra flesta är överens om att investeringar i säkerhet lönar sig – något mer övertygade var de som deltagit i Säkert Bondförnufts aktiviteter. En betydande andel av de medverkande lantbrukarna i uppföljningen från 2010, visade att många av dem fortsatte med arbetsmiljöinsatser även två år efter att ha deltagit i Säkert Bondförnuft aktiviteter, vilket indikerar att det kan finnas en långvarig effekt av en rådgivningsinsats av detta slag.
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| 2. |
- Alwall Svennefelt, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating The Swedish Approach to Motivating Improved Work Safety Conditions on Farms: Insights from Fear Appeals and the Extended Parallel Processing Model
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Agromedicine. - 1059-924X .- 1545-0813. ; 23, s. 355-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Farm work safety intervention programs based on educating and informing have been criticized for not demonstrably improving work safety. We argue that these criticisms are misplaced and that the problem with educating and informing lies not necessarily in the tool, but rather in its implementation. We arrive at this conclusion by systematically investigating eight of the largest farm work safety interventions in Sweden. In particular, we describe how they use fear and other emotional appeals in their communications in an attempt to motivate improved work safety. We then analyze their implementation using the extended parallel processing model (EPPM). We show that, although threat of injury and death is used in the majority of these interventions to motivate individuals, the threat is inconsistent with the behaviors targeted. Other shortcomings and implications for implementing wide-scale farm work safety interventions are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Alwall Svennefelt, Catharina
(författare)
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Occupational injuries and communications in Swedish agriculture safety interventions
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (refereegranskat)abstract
- Systemic changes in Swedish agriculture have seen the average farm size increase, employees become more common, adoption of new technologies and an ageing farm population. This has led to many new physical and psychological health risks and the need for continued work in preventing occupational injuries. To date, education has been the main tool (in terms of total spending) used by stakeholders to influence work safety behaviour. However, this approach has been criticised by occupational safety experts for being inefficient, if not largely ineffective. It is often unclear whether the education tool itself or its implementation is the problem. Given the need to improve safety at work within agriculture and identify the mechanisms underlying intervention outcomes, this thesis explored work safety interventions in Sweden and sought to develop a deeper understanding of how motivation can be used to effect behavioural change and the underlying cognitive factors promoting or hindering these changes. Over a six-year period, four studies were carried out using mixed methods and covering topics such as occupational safety intervention implementation, outcomes, fear appeals and cognitive mediation processes. The results confirmed that there is marked under-reporting of occupational injuries in Sweden. More importantly, they showed that, despite substantial efforts to reduce occupational injuries, on taking into account the reduced labour demand in agriculture and the decline in the number of farms since 2004, the rate of occupational injuries has not significantly decreased. Fear appeals were found to be the most common motivational tool used by the largest organisations in Sweden to influence work safety behaviours. Use of an extended parallel processing model (EPPM) to describe and evaluate marketing communications revealed a mismatch between the types of threats used in communications and the behaviours promoted. Contradictory evidence was also found. On the one hand, some farmers interviewed seemed to be aware of the most common threats in their environment and nearly all had made at least some changes to their work safety environment (crediting an intervention that took place one year earlier), indicating that the intervention had worked in terms of generating awareness and stimulating adaptive behaviours. On the other hand, many of the same farmers who had made adaptive changes also showed clear signs of maladaptation. These insights can be applied to address the communication motivation and cognitive challenges in safety interventions in Swedish agriculture.
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| 4. |
- Alwall Svennefelt, Catharina, et al.
(författare)
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Work safety interventions and threat complexity - A formative investigation into why farmers do not act safely
- 2019
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Ingår i: Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. - : Institute of Rural Health. - 1232-1966 .- 1898-2263. ; 26, s. 280-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction. Fear appeals are a common tactic used in work safety interventions to motivate farmers to adopt safer behaviours. They begin by introducing a threat, followed by information on how to remove the threat. However, fear appeals tend to be ineffective when developed without a firm grasp of the cognitive processes underlying behavioural change. Although previous research on farm safety interventions have investigated fear appeals, they have focused on very narrow threats and behaviours, such as tractor or cow safety, while others have studied the threats but not the cognitive processing. Consequently, not enough is known about the range of threats that evoke fear, how farmers behave when under threat, or their general cognitive beliefs regarding self-efficacy, response cost and response efficacy. In In this study, 23 Swedish Farmers were interviewed and participated in a work safety intervention to identify the range of threats farmers perceive, and actions taken to remove those threats.Materials and method. The extended parallel processing model was used to gain insights into how farmers cognitively processed threats and their subsequent behaviour. Interestingly, it was found that farmers were more fearful of work safety threats related to family members and employees-yet the actions they took to reduce threats were mostly personal in nature. To help explain this finding, a typology of threat complexity was developed by the authors.Results. It was found that simple, common, and direct threats to safety tended to lead to adaptive, threat-reducing behaviours, whereas complex, general, or indirect threats promoted more maladaptive behaviours that reduced fear, but not the threats.
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| 5. |
- Pinzke, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Injuries in Swedish Agriculture: Development and Preventive Actions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health. - : American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). - 1074-7583 .- 1943-7846. ; 24, s. 193-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comprehensive survey of injuries in Swedish agriculture was completed in 2013. The aim was to update the statistics on injuries and to compare them with data for 2004. The results were intended to provide a basis for evaluating the effect of Swedish initiatives to reduce occupational injuries in agriculture. In 2013, there were about 63,000 active farms in Sweden, and questionnaires with 21 questions were sent out to a sample of 6000 of these farms. The most important question was whether any injuries had occurred during 2013. Farms that reported injuries were contacted by telephone with additional questions about the injuries. A total of 3375 farms (56%) responded to the questionnaire. After population-level extrapolation, there were approximately 4400 injuries in Swedish agriculture during 2013 (66% in farming, 18% in mixed farming-forestry, and 14% in other related business activities). According to official statistics, there were only about 344 registered occupational injuries, which means that only 7% of the injuries reported in the questionnaire responses were listed in official statistics. In all, at least one injury occurred on about 7% of all enterprises with farming or combined farming-forestry. About 70% of the affected farms had animals, and 17% of all dairy farms had one or more injuries during 2013. According to this study, the overall number of injuries on farms had fallen by about 12% in 2013 compared with the corresponding study in 2004. Taking into account the reduced labor demand in agriculture and the decline in the number of farms since 2004, the rate of injury has not been reduced. To reduce occupational injuries in agriculture, in recent years the industry and government have been working intensively on work environment advice and training for farmers. Our study showed that farmers who received work environment advice and training introduced more measures to prevent injuries than those without any advisory input. It is alarming that despite all efforts to reduce injuries in agriculture, the level is still very high compared with other industries. Safety campaigns and more permanent safety initiatives in agriculture are needed to raise awareness of occupational risk factors and encourage safe behaviors.
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