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- Schael, S, et al.
(author)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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In: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Enfalt, AC, et al.
(author)
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Effects of a second mutant allele (V199I) at the PRKAG3 (RN) locus on carcass composition in pigs
- 2006
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In: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413. ; 99:2-3, s. 131-139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The effect of a second mutant allele (V1991, here denoted rn*) at the PRKAG3 (RN) locus on carcass composition was determined in 334 pigs, entire males and females, from crosses between Swedish Hampshire (H) and Finnish Landrace (L) (H x LH; LH x H; LH x LH). Pigs were classified according to DNA test into the following PRKAG3 genotypes: RN-IRN- (23%), RN-/rn(-) (24%), RN-/rn* (33%), rn(+)/rn(+) (8%), rn/rn* (9%) and rn*/rn* (2%). The pigs were slaughtered at a commercial slaughterhouse and assessed 24 h postmortem. Right sides were fabricated into primary wholesale cuts, then further processed into defatted hams and loins, and a subset of hams (n = 122) was dissected into the five major individual muscles. The genotype frequencies for the subsample were RN-/RN- (27%), RN-/rn(+) (20%), RN-/rn* (35%), rn(+)/rn(+) (9%), rn(+)/rn* (8%) and rn*/rn* (M). Weights were recorded for meat and bone in ham and loin, fat in ham, back and shoulder and the individual dissected muscles. The genotype effect was significant (P < 0.05) for estimated lean meat content and the proportions of meat and bone and fat in ham and loin (of carcass weight). Also, the content of meat and bone in ham and loin, in proportion of whole ham and loin, respectively, differed significantly (P < 0.01) between genotypes. Estimated lean meat content was highest for RN-/RN- (63.0%) and RN-/rn(+) (63.1%) and lowest in the combined group rn*/(-) (rn(+)/rn* and rn*/rn*, 61.7%); RN-/rn* (62.5%) and rn(+)/rn(+)(62.1%) were intermediate. The same results were found for meat and bone in ham and loin, as a proportion of whole ham and loin, respectively. RN-/RN- and RN-/rn(+) did not differ in any trait; however, they produced carcasses with the lowest proportions of fat within loin and the major wholesale cuts (ham, loin and shoulder). The carcass percentage of meat and bone in ham was higher in the three RN-/ genotypes (RN-/RN-, RN-/rn(+) and RN-/rn*, P < 0.05) than in the rn*/(-) group, whereas rn(+)/rn(+) did not (P > 0.05) differ from any of the other genotypes. RN-/rn(+) and RN-/rn* had higher (P < 0.05) proportion of meat and bone in loin compared to the rn*/(-) group. We conclude that the second mutant allele found at the PRKAG3 (RN) locus, rn*, decreased the lean meat content compared with the two other alleles (RN-, rn(+)). The RN-/RN- and RN-/rn(+) genotypes were leanest, followed by RN-/rn* and rn(+)/rn(+), and rn(+)/rn* and rn*/rn* were the fattest. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
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