| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Alvehus, Malin, et al.
(författare)
-
Adipose tissue IL-8 is increased in normal weight women after menopause and reduced after gastric bypass surgery in obese women
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 77:5, s. 684-690
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The menopausal transition is characterized by increased body fat accumulation, including redistribution from peripheral to central fat depots. This distribution is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease which are linked to low-grade inflammation. We determined whether postmenopausal women have higher levels of inflammatory markers, compared to premenopausal women. We also wanted to determine if these markers are reduced by stable weight loss in obese women. Design and methods: Anthropometric data, blood samples, and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected from normal weight premenopausal and postmenopausal women and obese women before and 2 years after gastric bypass surgery. Serum protein levels and adipose tissue gene expression of inflammatory markers were investigated. Results: IL-8 expression in adipose tissue and circulating levels were higher in postmenopausal versus premenopausal women. IL-8 expression was associated with waist circumference, independent of menopausal status. IL-6 expression and serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were higher in postmenopausal versus premenopausal women. Two years after gastric bypass surgery, adipose expression of IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, and MCP-1 decreased significantly. Serum insulin levels were associated with inflammation-related gene expression before gastric bypass surgery, but these associations disappeared after surgery. Conclusion: Postmenopausal women have an increased inflammatory response in the subcutaneous fat and circulation. Inflammatory markers in adipose tissue decreased significantly after surgery-induced weight loss. This effect may be beneficial for metabolic control and reduced cardiovascular risk after weight loss. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Eva A, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Maximal Aerobic Power versus Performance in Two Aerobic Endurance Tests among Young and Old Adults
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Gerontology. - : S. Karger AG. - 0304-324X .- 1423-0003. ; :Aug, s. 1-11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Aerobic fitness is of great value for reducing risk of mortality and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This study evaluated the performance in and correlations between a new test (five-minute pyramid test, 5MPT), the six-minute walk-test (6MWT) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) among old and young adults. Methods: Forty-four habitually active adults (females and males), 23 old (64-79 years) and 21 young (20-32 years) participated. In the 5MPT, the participants moved back and forth along a short walkway (5.5 m) over boxes (height: 'old people' 0.42 m, 'young people' 0.62 m) arranged like an elongated step pyramid for 5 min. Power in the pyramid test (5MPT(power)) was calculated as the product of numbers of laps, body weight, gravity and highest box level divided by time. A 6MWT and a maximal cycle ergometer test for direct measurements of VO(2max) were also performed. In all tests heart rate, with on-line electrocardiography, and perceived exertion were recorded. Results: There was a strong correlation between the 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) for the entire group studied (r = 0.98), and each of the four subgroups old and young females and males separately (r = 0.78-0.98). Contrary to several earlier studies, especially involving people with various diseases, the present data showed that 6MWT cannot be used to predict VO(2max) among old females and young adults. The correlation with VO(2max) was weaker for the 6MWT than for the 5MPT(power). The relative performance values for the old compared to the young (ratio old/young × 100) were considerably lower in 5MPT(power) and VO(2max) (47-55%) than in distance and 'work' in the 6MWT (82-86%). Conclusions: The results, with age and gender variations, can be valuable information in health-fitness contexts, since measuring physical aerobic capacity is very significant in connection with risk evaluations of mortality and various diseases. The 5MPT is a rapid, functional, easy and inexpensive tool for predicting assessed maximal aerobic power.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Clark, William A V, et al.
(författare)
-
Segregation and De-segregation in Metropolitan Contexts : Los Angeles as a Paradigm for a Changing Ethnic World
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The residential changes in the Los Angeles metropolitan area can be seen as a metaphor for the kinds of changes which are occurring and will continue to accelerate in the large metropolitan areas of the United States and global cities more generally. New immigrants are changing the ethnic patterns of neighborhoods and communities, and the old patterns of black white segregation are increasingly a picture of the past. In this paper we use a variant of a nearest neighbor approach to map, graph and evaluate the likelihood of individuals meeting other similar race individuals or of meeting individuals of a different race or ethnicity. The research provides evidence that segregation is decreasing between some groups, increasing between others and that the distribution of mixed race individuals is a growing part of the story about residential ethnic patterns. In a series of maps of both homogeneity and heterogeneity the research shows how the metropolitan areas, represented in this case by Los Angeles, are now patterns of complex living arrangements with multiple groups inhabiting both local neighborhoods and wider community spheres. In this study we identify emerging mixed neighborhoods of different types. Some neighborhoods are disadvantaged in terms of income and employment others are among the most advantaged in the Los Angeles area. Overall the picture is one of growing complexity in the patterns of racial and ethnic groups.
|
|
| 8. |
- Jakobsson, Eva, 1960, et al.
(författare)
-
Livets slutskede
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Friberg F & Öhlén J. Omvårdnadens grunder - Perspektiv och förhållningssätt. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. ; , s. 179-209
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Palliativ vård har likheter med flera generella drag i omvårdnaden, såsom att patienten som person och patientens relationer är betydelsefulla. Även familj och sociala nätverk är viktiga och inkluderas aktivt i palliativ vård, där en respekt för både patient och närstående kan öka patientens potential för en lämplig död. Livet snarare än den förestående döden är i fokus för de flesta människor – även för svårt sjuka i livets slut är det livet som pågår. Palliativ vård koncentreras på symtom och lindring snarare än på sjukdomen i sig och dess behandling. Övergripande mål inom vården är att man alltid, och så långt det går, lindrar lidande i vid bemärkelse och främjar välbefinnandet hos patienterna. Vid vård i livets slutskede är dessa mål dock särskilt viktiga och de kan nås med enkla medel, t.ex. genom att följa patienternas rytm i stället för rutiner, ge utrymme för deras upplevelser av att känna sig hemma, samt att de har tid och rum för sig själv.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Malmberg, Bo, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
-
Segregation and Urban Unrest in Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Urban geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0272-3638 .- 1938-2847. ; 34:7, s. 1031-1046
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2009, Sweden experienced a wave of urban unrest concentrated in areas with large foreign-born populations. This episode was seen by many as reflecting a trend towards increased ethnically based residential segregation, in line with scholarly literatures that correlate inequality and rising segregation with increases in unrest or rebellion. In this paper, we analyze the empirical connection between ethnic residential segregation and episodes of urban unrest in Sweden. Unrest is measured by the number of car burnings reported to police between 2002 and 2009. We find a positive and statistically significant link between residential segregation and car burnings at the scale of municipalities and metropolitan districts. Unrest/rebellion is also correlated with high proportion of young adults and social welfare assistance.
|
|
