| 1. |
- Albinsson, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Genus och programmering
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kartläggs de rapporter som skrivits om utbildningar och undervisning i programmering ur ett genusperspektiv. Även försök att locka fler kvinnor, få dem att trivas och avsluta dessa utbildningar tas upp. Vi föreslår åtgärder för att förbättra programmeringskurserna som ges av Institutionen för datavetenskap vid Linköpings universitet. Diskussionen visar att kvinnor ibland ses som ett inslag i utbildningen och inte som likvärdiga deltagare. Utbildningarna måste stötta kvinnor och förstärka deras identitet som programmerare. Det är viktigt med kvinnliga förebilder för både kvinnliga och manliga studenter. I dagens undervisning premieras män och radikala förändringar måste ske för att inkludera de kvinnliga studenterna.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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Pressens bild av barns missgärningar
- 2004
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Ingår i: Sociala problem och socialpolitik i massmedier. - 9144032269
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Helena, 1966
(författare)
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Crosslinking of Polymers. Molecular Structure and Properties of Sol and Network
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Crosslinking is a well-known procedure for improving a variety of features of polymers, particularly the dimension stability at elevated temperatures. Crosslinking implies the formation of a network, the gel, but there is always a certain portion of the material, the sol, that remains non-crosslinked within the network. Both fractions contribute to the properties of the crosslinked polymer, and the relative importance of the respective fraction depends on the type of polymer and the field of application. In this thesis, the significance of the molecular structure and property of a sol was illustrated by investigating the ability of crosslinked silicone elastomers to contaminate nearby structures, while analyses of the molecular structure of crosslinked polyethylene elucidated the behaviour of the network. The silicone study showed that the non-crosslinked fraction of a cured silicone elastomer consists mainly of non-volatile, low molecular weight siloxanes with a potential capacity of causing silicone contamination through migration. Gel-content determinations together with molecular weight determinations of the sol clearly showed that the most effective way to minimise migration is to remove the low molecular weight fraction prior to crosslinking. Thermal analyses demonstrated the pronounced temperature sensitivity of the crosslinking process, something which must be considered, as a too low temperature could lead to unnecessary low gel-contents, whereas an elevated temperature can be used as a tool to increase the final curing level. Analyses of crosslinked polyethylene demonstrated an extensive impact of the molecular weight on the gel-content formed upon crosslinking. Bimodal polyethylene, which always contains a substantial amount of low molecular weight chains, can thereby be prevented from developing high gel-contents upon crosslinking. A polymer network is to a large extent affected by the presence of long chain branches on the polymer chain. The amount and length of the branches influence the network performance mainly by affecting disentanglement of the branches. Coil volume and intramolecular crosslinking are other factors that are governed by the presence of long chain branches.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andersson, H.O., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of P1-P3 groups in symmetric and asymmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 270:8, s. 1746-1758
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HIV-1 protease is an important target for treatment of AIDS, and efficient drugs have been developed. However, the resistance and negative side effects of the current drugs has necessitated the development of new compounds with different binding patterns. In this study, nine C-terminally duplicated HIV-1 protease inhibitors were cocrystallised with the enzyme, the crystal structures analysed at 1.8-2.3 Å resolution, and the inhibitory activity of the compounds characterized in order to evaluate the effects of the individual modifications. These compounds comprise two central hydroxy groups that mimic the geminal hydroxy groups of a cleavage-reaction intermediate. One of the hydroxy groups is located between the d-oxygen atoms of the two catalytic aspartic acid residues, and the other in the gauche position relative to the first. The asymmetric binding of the two central inhibitory hydroxyls induced a small deviation from exact C2 symmetry in the whole enzyme-inhibitor complex. The study shows that the protease molecule could accommodate its structure to different sizes of the P2/P2' groups. The structural alterations were, however, relatively conservative and limited. The binding capacity of the S3/S3' sites was exploited by elongation of the compounds with groups in the P3/P3' positions or by extension of the P1/P1' groups. Furthermore, water molecules were shown to be important binding links between the protease and the inhibitors. This study produced a number of inhibitors with Ki values in the 100 picomolar range.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Helena
(författare)
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Svenska som första- och andraspråk : En jämförande studie av texter från skolår nio
- 2002
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Materialet består av texter som elever i skolår nio har skrivit vid de nationella proven i svenska. Texter av elever med svenska som modersmål jämförs med texter av elever med svenska som andraspråk. Analyserna är såväl kvantitativa som kvalitativa och fokuserar bland annat ordvariation, meningar och makrosyntagmer samt textbindning. Analysresulaten jämförs också med det betyg varje text fått.
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| 10. |
- Clemedson, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an in vitro test battery for the estimation of acute human systemic toxicity : An outline of the EDIT project. Evaluation-guided Development of New In Vitro Test Batteries
- 2002
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Ingår i: ATLA (Alternatives to Laboratory Animals). - 0261-1929. ; 30:3, s. 313-321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the Evaluation-guided Development of new In Vitro Test Batteries (EDIT) multicentre programme is to establish and validate in vitro tests relevant to toxicokinetics and for organ-specific toxicity, to be incorporated into optimal test batteries for the estimation of human acute systemic toxicity. The scientific basis of EDIT is the good prediction of human acute toxicity obtained with three human cell line tests (R(2) = 0.77), in the Multicentre Evaluation of In Vitro Cytotoxicity (MEIC) programme. However, the results from the MEIC study indicated that at least two other types of in vitro test ought to be added to the existing test battery to improve the prediction of human acute systemic toxicity - to determine key kinetic events (such as biotransformation and passage through biological barriers), and to predict crucial organ-specific mechanisms not covered by the tests in the MEIC battery. The EDIT programme will be a case-by-case project, but the establishment and validation of new tests will be carried through by a common, step-wise procedure. The Scientific Committee of the EDIT programme defines the need for a specific set of toxicity or toxicokinetic data. Laboratories are then invited to perform the defined tests in order to provide the "missing" data for the EDIT reference chemicals. The results obtained will be evaluated against the MEMO (the MEIC Monograph programme) database, i.e. against human acute systemic lethal and toxicity data. The aim of the round-table discussions at the 19th Scandinavian Society for Cell Toxicology (SSCT) workshop, held in Ringsted, Denmark on 6-9 September 2001, was to identify which tests are the most important for inclusion in the MEIC battery, i.e. which types of tests the EDIT programme should focus on. It was proposed that it is important to include in vitro methods for various kinetic events, such as biotransformation, absorption in the gut, passage across the blood-brain barrier, distribution volumes, protein binding, and renal clearance/accumulation. Models for target organ toxicity were also discussed. Because several of the outlier chemicals (paracetamol, digoxin, malathion, nicotine, paraquat, atropine and potassium cyanide) in the MEIC in vivo-in vitro evaluation have a neurotoxic potential, it was proposed that the development within the EDIT target organ programme should initially be focused on the nervous system.
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