| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Jan-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Kartering av översvämningsrisker vid Vänern
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie genomfördes en översvämningskartering och -analys som utgick från fyraextrema vattennivåer i Vänern. Baserat på höjddata från den Nya Nationella Höjdmodellen(NNH) generades utbredningspolygoner med hjälp av GIS för de fyra översvämningsnivåerna.Överlagringsanalyser gjordes sedan med kartskikt för väg, mark och byggnadersamt för vissa kommuner även befolkning för att urskilja vägsträckor, markområden,byggnader och boende inom översvämningsutbredningen vid de fyra nivåerna.Översvämningskartor togs fram i pdf-format och Google Earth-format. GIS-analysen hargenererat kvantitativa data för översvämmade vägsträckor, markytor antal byggnader etc.Vidare har en objektsbaserad analys genomförts utifrån kartmaterial och kommunala dataöver sårbara anläggningar och funktioner. Resultaten har sammanställts kommunvis ochför Vänerområdet i sin helhet i form av text, tabeller och diagram.Det som drabbas först vid en översvämning i Vänern är dels objekt som utifrån sinafunktioner ligger vattennära t.ex. fritidsanläggningar, men även viktiga vägar som E18 ochE45. Järnvägsträckan Göteborg-Karlstad-Stockholm översvämmas redan vid 100-årsnivån.Med stigande vattennivå drabbas allt fler objekt och samhällsviktiga funktioner. De städersom påverkas mest är Karlstad, Kristinehamn, Mariestad, Lidköping och Vänersborg.De direkta skadekostnaderna för en 100-årsnivå i Vänern har beräknats till 100-240 Mkr,där en möjlig vindeffekt kan ge ytterligare upp till 120 Mkr i skadekostnader. För endimensionerande nivå skulle skadekostnaderna bli av en helt annan storleksordning ochuppgå till ca 9,8 miljarder kr. Vid denna nivå skulle stora indirekta skador uppstå som viinte har haft möjlighet att värdera ekonomiskt. De största kostnaderna kan kopplas tillöversvämmade byggnader.I en absolut jämförelse med Mälaren av kvantitativa data för översvämmade vägar,markområden och antal byggnader är konsekvenserna vid Vänern något lägre.Studien genomfördes på uppdrag av och i samarbete medVänerkommunerna i samverkan omVänerns reglering.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Joel
(författare)
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On Invertibility of the Radon Transform and Compressive Sensing
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis contains three articles. The first two concern inversion andlocal injectivity of the weighted Radon transform in the plane. The thirdpaper concerns two of the key results from compressive sensing.In Paper A we prove an identity involving three singular double integrals.This is then used to prove an inversion formula for the weighted Radon transform,allowing all weight functions that have been considered previously.Paper B is devoted to stability estimates of the standard and weightedlocal Radon transform. The estimates will hold for functions that satisfy an apriori bound. When weights are involved they must solve a certain differentialequation and fulfill some regularity assumptions.In Paper C we present some new constant bounds. Firstly we presenta version of the theorem of uniform recovery of random sampling matrices,where explicit constants have not been presented before. Secondly we improvethe condition when the so-called restricted isometry property implies the nullspace property.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Joel, et al.
(författare)
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On the Theorem of Uniform Recovery of Random Sampling Matrices
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. - 0018-9448 .- 1557-9654. ; 60:3, s. 1700-1710
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider two theorems from the theory of compressive sensing. Mainly a theorem concerning uniform recovery of random sampling matrices, where the number of samples needed in order to recover an s-sparse signal from linear measurements (with high probability) is known to be m greater than or similar to s(ln s)(3) ln N. We present new and improved constants together with what we consider to be a more explicit proof. A proof that also allows for a slightly larger class of m x N-matrices, by considering what is called effective sparsity. We also present a condition on the so-called restricted isometry constants, delta s, ensuring sparse recovery via l(1)-minimization. We show that delta(2s) < 4/root 41 is sufficient and that this can be improved further to almost allow for a sufficient condition of the type delta(2s) < 2/3.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Swen-Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Managing localized prostate cancer by radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting: Cost analysis of a randomized trial (SPCG-4)
- 2011
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Ingår i: SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 45:3, s. 177-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The cost of radical prostatectomy (RP) compared to watchful waiting (WW) has never been estimated in a randomized trial. The goal of this study was to estimate long-term total costs per patient associated with RP and WW arising from inpatient and outpatient hospital care. Material and methods. This investigation used the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) trial, comparing RP to WW, and included data from 212 participants living in two counties in Sweden from 1989 to 1999 (105 randomized to WW and 107 to RP). All costs were included from randomization date until death or end of follow-up in July 2007. Resource use arising from inpatient and outpatient hospital costs was measured in physical units and multiplied by a unit cost to come up with a total cost per patient. Results. During a median follow-up of 12 years, the overall cost in the RP group was 34% higher (p andlt; 0.01) than in the WW group, corresponding to euroa,not sign6123 in Sweden. The difference was driven almost exclusively by the cost of the surgical procedure. The cost difference between RP and WW was two times higher among men with low (2--6) than among those with high (7--10) Gleason score. Conclusion. In this economic evaluation of RP versus WW of localized prostate cancer in a randomized study, RP was associated with 34% higher costs. This difference, attributed exclusively to the cost of the RP procedure, was not overcome during extended follow-up.
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| 6. |
- Bill-Axelson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Radical Prostatectomy or Watchful Waiting in Early Prostate Cancer
- 2014
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - Waltham : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 370:10, s. 932-942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRadical prostatectomy reduces mortality among men with localized prostate cancer; however, important questions regarding long-term benefit remain. MethodsBetween 1989 and 1999, we randomly assigned 695 men with early prostate cancer to watchful waiting or radical prostatectomy and followed them through the end of 2012. The primary end points in the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4) were death from any cause, death from prostate cancer, and the risk of metastases. Secondary end points included the initiation of androgen-deprivation therapy. ResultsDuring 23.2 years of follow-up, 200 of 347 men in the surgery group and 247 of the 348 men in the watchful-waiting group died. Of the deaths, 63 in the surgery group and 99 in the watchful-waiting group were due to prostate cancer; the relative risk was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.77; P=0.001), and the absolute difference was 11.0 percentage points (95% CI, 4.5 to 17.5). The number needed to treat to prevent one death was 8. One man died after surgery in the radical-prostatectomy group. Androgen-deprivation therapy was used in fewer patients who underwent prostatectomy (a difference of 25.0 percentage points; 95% CI, 17.7 to 32.3). The benefit of surgery with respect to death from prostate cancer was largest in men younger than 65 years of age (relative risk, 0.45) and in those with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (relative risk, 0.38). However, radical prostatectomy was associated with a reduced risk of metastases among older men (relative risk, 0.68; P=0.04). ConclusionsExtended follow-up confirmed a substantial reduction in mortality after radical prostatectomy; the number needed to treat to prevent one death continued to decrease when the treatment was modified according to age at diagnosis and tumor risk. A large proportion of long-term survivors in the watchful-waiting group have not required any palliative treatment. (Funded by the Swedish Cancer Society and others.) The randomized Swedish trial of prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in disease detected mainly clinically (not by PSA screening) continues to show a benefit for early prostatectomy. The number of men younger than 65 needed to treat to prevent one death is now four. The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 4 (SPCG-4), a randomized trial of radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in men with localized prostate cancer diagnosed before the era of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, showed a survival benefit of radical prostatectomy as compared with observation at 15 years of follow-up.(1) By contrast, the Prostate Cancer Intervention versus Observation Trial (PIVOT), initiated in the early era of PSA testing, showed that radical prostatectomy did not significantly reduce prostate cancer-specific or overall mortality after 12 years.(2) PSA screening profoundly changes the clinical domain of study. Among other considerations, the substantial additional lead time ...
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| 7. |
- Henriksson, Greger, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Hållbar avfallshantering : utvärdering av styrmedel från ett psykologiskt och etnologiskt perspektiv
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom psykologi och etnologi studeras företeelser ur perspektiv som återfinns hos den enskilda individen samt i det lokala eller sociala sammanhanget. I studien har olika styrmedel bedömts från ett etnologiskt och psykologiskt perspektiv. Studien har därvid inneburit nya arbetsmetoder – i varken psykologi eller etnologi brukar man arbeta med att förutsäga hur olika medel (t.ex. styrmedel) påverkar människan, normalt arbetar man efter att beskriva hur människan upplever ett befintligt styrmedel. Nytt i arbetssättet är också att utvärdera styrmedlen i olika framtidsscenarier. De viktigaste slutsatserna om de studerade styrmedlen är enligt följande. Information är ett viktigt styrmedel, men bör främst ses i kombination med andra styrmedel. Information bör utformas så att den är anpassad för olika grupper, hellre än massutskick och glättiga kampanjer. Informationen bör vara både deklarativ (ge information om effekter och konsekvenser) och procedurell (beskriva hur man ska göra). Information är viktigast som styrmedel i de hållbara scenarierna, men är av betydelse i samtliga scenarier. Vad gäller verksamheter kan man skilja på information till företagsledningen och information till anställda. Styrmedlet ”Reklam ja tack” förväntas leda till minskad mängd pappersavfall och är lätt att förstå för hushållen. Styrmedlet är mest effektivt i de hållbara scenarierna. Styrmedlet bedöms verksamt även i scenariot regional marknad eftersom det då är större tryck på verksamheterna att föra ut sitt budskap. Negativ kemikaliemärkning bedöms vara ett effektivt styrmedel, och framför allt effektivare än positiv märkning. Negativ kemikaliemärkning bedöms också vara effektivt i alla scenarier. I styrmedlet viktbaserad avfallstaxa kan storleken på den rörliga delen av avfallstaxan påverka styrmedlets genomslagskraft. Viktbaserad avfallstaxa bedöms fungera bäst i de marknadsdrivna scenarierna där individen tar ett stort ansvar själv. I de hållbara scenarierna kan styrmedlet komma att upplevas negativ eftersom ansvaret för miljöfrågorna är mer överflyttade till staten från medborgarna. Miljödifferentierad avfallstaxa bedöms ge ytterst små styreffekter eftersom det med den givna utformningen kan vara svår att kommunicera med människorna. Med vissa ändringar skulle det däremot kunna bli kraftfullt. Utvecklade insamlingssystem bedöms leda till ökad källsortering i alla scenarier. Detta gäller både ökad fastighetsnära insamling och insamling i materialströmmar.
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| 8. |
- Maglio, Cristina, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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The IRS1 rs2943641 Variant and Risk of Future Cancer Among Morbidly Obese Individuals.
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 98:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context:Obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for cancer development. The IRS1 rs2943641 genetic variant has been widely associated with insulin resistance.Objective:The aim of the study was to examine whether the IRS1 rs2943641 associates with cancer incidence in obese individuals.Design, Setting and Patients:The IRS1 rs2943641 was genotyped in participants from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, an intervention trial on the effect of bariatric surgery on mortality and morbidity compared with usual care and in the population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer (MDC) cohort. In both studies, the median follow-up for cancer incidence was about 15 years.Intervention and Main Outcome Measure:Cancer incidence was assessed in both the SOS and the MDC cohorts through national and local registers.Results:The IRS1 T allele was associated with lower insulin resistance in both the SOS and the MDC studies. A lower cancer incidence was found in T allele carriers from the SOS control group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.96; P = .021) and was restricted to morbidly obese individuals (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.91; P = .011). No evidence of such association was detected in the surgery group (interaction P = .005). In the MDC cohort, a nonsignificant tendency for lower cancer incidence in T allele carriers was observed only in morbidly obese individuals. A meta-analysis of morbidly obese individuals (body mass index > 40 kg/m(2)) from the two cohorts strengthened the evidence for the association (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.87; P = .004).Conclusions:Our results suggest that the T allele of rs2943641 near IRS1 may associate with lower cancer incidence in morbidly obese individuals.
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| 9. |
- Meyer, Mara S., et al.
(författare)
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Homogeneous prostate cancer mortality in the Nordic countries over four decades
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 58:3, s. 427-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) has greatly increased in the Nordic region over the past two decades, following the advent of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. Consequently, interpreting temporal trends in PCa has become difficult, and the impact of changes in exposure to causal factors is uncertain.OBJECTIVE: To reveal geographic differences and temporal trends in PCa in the Nordic countries. Because the recorded incidence of PCa has been profoundly influenced by PSA screening, we focused our analyses primarily on PCa mortality.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We analyzed national PCa incidence and mortality data from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden from 1965 to 2006 using the PC-NORDCAN software program and the online NORDCAN database.MEASUREMENTS: Cumulative incidence and cumulative mortality from PCa were calculated for selected calendar years during four decades, along with age-standardized mortality rates. Incidence data in NORDCAN come from individual countries' cancer registries, and mortality data come from national mortality registries.RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: From 1965 to 2006, 172 613 deaths from PCa were reported in the four Nordic countries. A substantial rise in incidence was observed across the region, with some geographic variation, since the late 1980s. In contrast, both disease-specific mortality rates and cumulative risk of PCa mortality lacked consistent temporal trends over the same period. Cumulative mortality from PCa ranged between 3.5% and 7.5% in the region over four decades, whereas cumulative incidence jumped from about 9% to >20%. Mortality has remained fairly constant among the countries, with a minimally lower risk in Finland.CONCLUSIONS: Unlike most malignancies, the occurrence of lethal PCa showed minimal geographic variation and lacked consistent temporal trends over four decades. These findings may guide our search for important causes of PCa, a malignancy with etiology that is still largely unknown.
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| 10. |
- Moller, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations and prostate cancer risk in the Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 15:10, s. 1897-1908
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) aim at preventing diet-associated diseases such as cancer in the Nordic countries. We evaluated adherence to the NNR in relation to prostate cancer (PC) in Swedish men, including potential interaction with a genetic risk score and with lifestyle factors. Design: Population-based case-control study (Cancer of the Prostate in Sweden (CAPS), 2001-2002). Using data from a semi-quantitative FFQ, we created an NNR adherence score and estimated relative risks of PC by unconditional logistic regression. Individual score components were modelled separately and potential modifying effects were assessed on the multiplicative scale. Setting: Four regions in the central and northern parts of Sweden. Subjects: Incident PC patients (n 1386) and population controls (n 940), frequency-matched on age and region. Results: No overall association with PC was found, possibly due to the generally high adherence to the NNR score and its narrow distribution in the study population. Among individual NNR score components, high compared with low intakes of polyunsaturated fat were associated with an increased relative risk of localized PC. No formal interaction with genetic or lifestyle factors was observed, although in stratified analysis a positive association between the NNR and PC was suggested among men with a high genetic risk score but not among men with a medium or low genetic risk score. Conclusions: Our findings do not support an association between NNR adherence and PC. The suggestive interaction with the genetic risk score deserves further investigations in other study populations.
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