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| 2. |
- Håkansson, H., et al.
(författare)
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In vivo and in vitro toxicity of fractionated fish lipids, with particular regard to their content of chlorinated organic compounds
- 1991
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Ingår i: Pharmacology and Toxicology. - : Wiley. - 0901-9928 .- 1600-0773. ; 69:6, s. 459-471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six different lipid matrices (the intact lipid (IL), four lipid fractions with different polarity, and the free fatty acids (FFAs) obtained by hydrolysis of the triacylglycerol (TAG) containing fraction) were obtained from salmon (Salmo salar) and eel (Anguilla anguilla), each collected at a contaminated and a comparatively uncontaminated catch site along the coast of Scandinavia. The lipid matrices were studied in toxicological test systems representing various biological functions of different organ systems from several species and trophic levels. The results were evaluated with particular respect to the concentrations of extractable organically bound chlorine (EOCl) in the matrices tested. In some test systems, the specimens with a higher EOCl concentration appeared to be more toxic. For example, the TAG containing fraction (F2) from Idefjord eel, having a higher EOCl content than F2 from Oslofjord eel, reduced the number and hatchability of eggs laid by zebrafish. Both IL and F2 of Idefjord eel increased mortality and reduced the oxygen/nitrogen-ratio in blue mussels. Non-polar compounds (F1) from Bothnian Sea salmon induced 7-ethoxyresurofin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in rainbow trout hepatocytes, whereas F1 from Senja salmon did not. F1 from Bothnian Sea salmon also reduced the number of T-cells in foetal mouse thymus anlagen in vitro compared with the cell number in anlagen exposed to F1 from Senja salmon. A positive correlation between EOCl concentration and test response was found for EROD activity in rainbow trout hepatocytes and for ATP-leakage in Erlich ascites tumour cells when testing the phospolipid containing fraction (F4). However, in most test systems the fish oils, irrespective of EOCl content, were of low toxicity, and the observed effects need to be verified in future studies.
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| 3. |
- Agace, W., et al.
(författare)
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Selective cytokine production by epithelial cells following exposure to Escherichia coli
- 1993
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Ingår i: Infection and Immunity. - 0019-9567. ; 61:2, s. 602-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compared the repertoire of cytokines produced by epithelial cell lines and human peripheral blood monocytes in response to Escherichia coli. The A-498 and J82 urinary tract epithelial cell lines and human peripheral blood monocytes were exposed to E. coli Hu734. The cytokine content of single cells was detected by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), TNF-β, IL-6, IL-8, and granulocyte macrophage- colony-stimulating factor, and the number of positive cells was used to quantitate the response. The J82 bladder cell line stained positive for IL- 6, IL-8, and IL-1α. The IL-8 and IL-6 response peaked at 2 h, while the number of IL-1α-positive cells reached a peak 6 h after E. coli stimulation. The A-498 kidney cell line stained for IL-8 with a peak at 2 h and IL-6 with a peak at 6 h after E. coli stimulation. Peripheral blood monocytes stained for the cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α but not for TNF-β and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor after stimulation with E. coli. The results demonstrated that bacteria activated a cytokine response in the epithelial cell lines and monocytes. The epithelial cell lines had a more limited cytokine response profile than circulating monocytes, which may serve to limit the consequences of microbial exposure at the mucosal surface and help maintain the integrity of other tissue compartments.
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| 4. |
- Alheim, K, et al.
(författare)
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Interleukin 1 expression is inducible by nerve growth factor in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells.
- 1991
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 88:20, s. 9302-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of the cytokine interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) was demonstrated in the rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line by (i) immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against the recombinant murine IL-1 alpha, (ii) an ELISA, and (iii) a specific cell conversion bioassay based on the use of LBRM33-1A5 cells. IL-1 alpha mRNA was demonstrated in the PC12 cells, by PCR amplification. Constitutive expression of IL-1 alpha in PC12 cells was demonstrated in all experiments, although the cellular levels of IL-1 alpha-like immunoreactivity varied. The expression of IL-1 alpha, as studied at the mRNA level, was inducible by mouse nerve growth factor (7S NGF), and the gene product level was inducible in a dose- and time-dependent fashion by 7S NGF. The maximum induction corresponds to a 600% increase in IL-1 alpha-like immunoreactivity above the expression level found in noninduced cells and occurred after a 3-day incubation of the cells with NGF at 0.75 micrograms/ml of culture medium. The significance of the ability of NGF to induce IL-1 expression lies in the fact that IL-1 itself also acts as a growth factor that promotes glial proliferation and, even more importantly, IL-1 itself induces the expression of NGF at peripheral nerve injury [Lindholm, D., Heumann, R., Meyer, M. & Thoenen, H. (1987) Nature (London) 330, 658-659].
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, A M, et al.
(författare)
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Studies on the intracellular distributions of soluble epoxide hydrolase and of catalase by digitonin-permeabilization of hepatocytes isolated from control and clofibrate-treated mice.
- 1991
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 198:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitonin permeabilization of hepatocytes from control and clofibrate-treated (0.5% by mass, 10 days) male C57bl/6 mice was used to study the intracellular distributions of soluble ('cytosolic') epoxide hydrolase and of catalase. The following conclusions were drawn. (1) About 60% of the total soluble epoxide hydrolase activity in control mouse hepatocytes is situated in the cytosol. (2) The rest is not mitochondrial, but probably peroxisomal. (3) Of the total catalase activity in control mouse hepatocytes, 5-10% is found in the cytosol. (4) Treatment of mice with clofibrate increases the total hepatocyte activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase 4-fold, but does not influence the relative distribution of this enzyme between cytosol and peroxisomes. (5) The total catalase activity is increased 3.5-fold by clofibrate treatment and 15-35% of this activity is shifted from the peroxisomes to the cytosol.
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| 8. |
- Öjehagen, A., et al.
(författare)
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A randomized study of long-term out-patient treatment in alcoholics : Psychiatric treatment versus multimodal behavioural therapy, during 1 versus 2 years of treatment
- 1992
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 27:6, s. 649-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seventy-two alcoholic patients (60 men and 12 women) were randomized into four groups who received psychiatric treatment (PT) or multimodal behavioural therapy (MBT), for either 1 or 2 years. PT was based on psychodynamic principles, and MBT is a cognitive-behavioural treatment. The patients accepting treatment had a mean age of 37 ± 9 years, and they were socially stable. There was no difference in attrition rate (35%) in relation to therapy and length of treatment. The rate of favourable drinking outcome during the third year was similar in all four alternatives, at 40-44%. A favourable drinking outcome was predicted by a better initial psychic status and few psychiatric symptoms at intake. In PT patients a favourable outcome was more strongly related to a better psychic status than in MBT patients (P = 0.58). The mean number of sessions, 23, did not differ in relation to outcome. The main conclusion from this study is that there were only small and inconclusive differences between the therapies of different types and different duration.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Britt M., et al.
(författare)
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Defects and the thermal conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7-d and YBa2Cu4O8
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, volume 195. - : Elsevier Sequoia S.A.. - 0 444 81529 5 ; , s. 655-658
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present below the first measured data for the thermal diffusivity and the thermal conductivity, λ, of dense, sintered ceramic YBa2Cu4O8 (1-2-4) as a function of temperature T between 40 and 310 K. At 300 K, λ is 6.3 Wm−1K−1, increasing with decreasing T to about 9.5 Wm−1K−1 near Tc. This T dependence is much stronger than in YBa2Cu3O7−δ (1-2-3). Only a very small enhancement is observed in λ below Tc. As in 1-2-3, λ is mainly limited by phonon scattering by defects.
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