| 1. |
- Andersson, Jan-Olof
(författare)
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Improving energy use in sawmills : from drying kilns to national impact
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increased concern about environmental problems has amplified the public`s interest inenergy usage. The improved subsidies for biomass, together with the rising energy priceshave made biomass a desirable product on the energy market. Energy intensive industries inthe field of wood and biomass now have nowadays an opportunity to decrease energyconsumption and to sell their biomass surplus on the energy market.This Licentiate thesis focuses on strategies to decrease biomass usage in sawmill industriesin order to increase their surplus biomass and increase their profit. This is done throughsystem analysis of sawmill industries in terms of mass and energy flows. The energyanalysis focuses on the drying kiln using psychrometric and thermodynamic relationships.State-of-the-art technologies, available on the market, have been studied to determine theirpossible effect on the total energy usage in the sawmills.This study was undertaken to determine the national use of energy due to sawmills and thepotential magnitude of improvements. Sawmills are important suppliers to the biomassmarket, since medium to large capacity sawmills contribute with 95% of the Swedish annuallumber (sawn boards) production (17.3 Mm3) with a lumber interchange of only 47%. Therest of the timber (unsawn logs) is transformed into biomass through the lumber productionprocesses. An essential part (12%) of the timber is used for supplying heat to the productionprocesses, mainly to the drying process which is the most time and heat consuming processin the sawmill. The main conclusions are that the heat demand for drying lumber in Swedishsawmills was found to be 4.9 TWh per year and the drying process can be made moreeffective by use of state-of-the-art technologies. Hence the internal use of biomass insawmills can be decreased, thereby increasing the biomass that can be sold to the marketand/or to generate heat and/or electricity, resulting in more profitable sawmills and asignificant increased supply of biomass to the market.It was also found that with available state-of-the-art technologies it is possible to recycle theheat in the evacuated air from the dryer, and if the recovered heat is used for heat sinksinside or close to the sawmill a large decrease of the energy usage can be achieved. If thetechnologies are implemented up to 5.56 TWh of equivalent biomass can be saved,depending on the technology, the specific sawmill conditions, kiln settings and dryingsystem operation. However, some of the considered technologies consume a substantialamount of electricity, so the economic benefit should be carefully evaluated.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, T, et al.
(författare)
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Syndromic surveillance for local outbreak detection and awareness : evaluating outbreak signals of acute gastroenteritis in telephone triage, web-based queries and over-the-counter pharmacy sales
- 2014
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 142:2, s. 303-313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the purpose of developing a national system for outbreak surveillance, local outbreak signals were compared in three sources of syndromic data - telephone triage of acute gastroenteritis, web queries about symptoms of gastrointestinal illness, and over-the-counter (OTC) pharmacy sales of antidiarrhoeal medication. The data sources were compared against nine known waterborne and foodborne outbreaks in Sweden in 2007-2011. Outbreak signals were identified for the four largest outbreaks in the telephone triage data and the two largest outbreaks in the data on OTC sales of antidiarrhoeal medication. No signals could be identified in the data on web queries. The signal magnitude for the fourth largest outbreak indicated a tenfold larger outbreak than officially reported, supporting the use of telephone triage data for situational awareness. For the two largest outbreaks, telephone triage data on adult diarrhoea provided outbreak signals at an early stage, weeks and months in advance, respectively, potentially serving the purpose of early event detection. In conclusion, telephone triage data provided the most promising source for surveillance of point-source outbreaks.
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| 3. |
- Bäckman, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of working-memory training on striatal dopamine release
- 2011
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 333:6043, s. 718-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Updating of working memory has been associated with striato-frontal brain regions and phasic dopaminergic neurotransmission. We assessed raclopride binding to striatal dopamine (DA) D2 receptors during a letter-updating task and a control condition before and after 5 weeks of updating training. Results showed that updating affected DA activity before training and that training further increased striatal DA release during updating. These findings highlight the pivotal role of transient neural processes associated with D2 receptor activity in working memory.
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| 4. |
- Gamfeldt, Lars, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found in forests with more tree species
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forests are of major importance to human society, contributing several crucial ecosystem services. Biodiversity is suggested to positively influence multiple services but evidence from natural systems at scales relevant to management is scarce. Here, across a scale of 400,000km2, we report that tree species richness in production forests shows positive to positively hump-shaped relationships with multiple ecosystem services. These include production of tree biomass, soil carbon storage, berry production and game production potential. For example, biomass production was approximately 50% greater with five than with one tree species. In addition, we show positive relationships between tree species richness and proxies for other biodiversity components. Importantly, no single tree species was able to promote all services, and some services were negatively correlated to each other. Management of production forests will therefore benefit from considering multiple tree species to sustain the full range of benefits that the society obtains from forests.
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| 5. |
- Lindgren, Lenita, et al.
(författare)
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Pleasant human touch is represented in pregenual anterior cingulate cortex
- 2012
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Ingår i: NeuroImage. - : Elsevier. - 1053-8119 .- 1095-9572. ; 59:4, s. 3427-3432
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Touch massage (TM) is a form of pleasant touch stimulation used as treatment in clinical settings and found to improve well-being and decrease anxiety, stress, and pain. Emotional responses reported during and after TM have been studied, but the underlying mechanisms are still largely unexplored. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) to test the hypothesis that the combination of human touch (i.e. skin-to-skin contact) with movement is eliciting a specific response in brain areas coding for pleasant sensations. The design included four different touch conditions; human touch with or without movement and rubber glove with or without movement. Force (2.5N) and velocity (1.5cm/s) were held constant across conditions. The pleasantness of the four different touch stimulations was rated on a visual analog scale (VAS-scale) and human touch was rated as most pleasant, particularly in combination with movement. The fMRI results revealed that TM stimulation most strongly activated the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC). These results are consistent with findings showing pgACC activation during various rewarding pleasant stimulations. This area is also known to be activated by both opioid analgesia and placebo. Together with these prior results, our finding furthers the understanding of the basis for positive TM treatment effects.
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| 6. |
- Nyberg, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Age-related and genetic modulation of frontal cortex efficiency
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of cognitive neuroscience. - : MIT Press. - 0898-929X .- 1530-8898. ; 26:4, s. 746-754
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dorsolateral pFC (DLPFC) is a key region for working memory. It has been proposed that the DLPFC is dynamically recruited depending on task demands. By this view, high DLPFC recruitment for low-demanding tasks along with weak DLPFC upregulation at higher task demands reflects low efficiency. Here, the fMRI BOLD signal during working memory maintenance and manipulation was examined in relation to aging and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val(158)Met status in a large representative sample (n = 287). The efficiency hypothesis predicts a weaker DLPFC response during manipulation, along with a stronger response during maintenance for older adults and COMT Val carriers compared with younger adults and COMT Met carriers. Consistent with the hypothesis, younger adults and met carriers showed maximal DLPFC BOLD response during manipulation, whereas older adults and val carriers displayed elevated DLPFC responses during the less demanding maintenance condition. The observed inverted relations support a link between dopamine and DLPFC efficiency.
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