| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- De Arcangelis, Elisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Structure analysis of beta-glucan in barley and effects of wheat beta-glucanase
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 85, s. 175-181
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, beta-glucan in samples of sifted flour from six barley varieties was sequentially extracted with water and NaOH obtaining three fractions: water-extractable (WE), NaOH- extractable (NaE) and residual (Res). beta-Glucan isolates were incubated with lichenase and oligomers released were analysed with high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). A higher ratio of 3-O-beta-cellobiosyl-D-glucose (DP3) to 3-O-beta-cellotriosyl-D-glucose (DP4) is reported in WE, NaE and Res fractions in variety SLU 7 (shrunken endosperm) compared to the other varieties, suggesting a more packed beta-glucan structure. Water-extractable and water-unextractable beta-glucan fractions were incubated with wheat extract and effects of wheat beta-glucanase on the structure was assessed after lichenase digestion and analysis with HPAEC-PAD. Findings suggest that wheat beta-glucanase manifests a selective hydrolysis towards beta-glucan with lower DP3/DP4 ratio and that beta-glucan of SLU 7 is composed of a population with higher DP3/DP4 ratio and hence with a more tighten structure which may be more resistant to enzymic action. Overall, the results obtained are of interest to characterise barleys differing in starch and dietary fibre composition, specifically shrunken endosperm barley SLU 7 in the perspective of its inclusion in the production of beta-glucan enriched foods.
|
|
| 3. |
- Djurle, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of baking on dietary fibre, with emphasis on beta-glucan and resistant starch, in barley breads
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 79, s. 449-455
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, 50% sifted barley flour from six different varieties and 50% refined wheat flour was used to bake bread. The flour mixture and the bread crumb and crust were analysed for content and composition of total dietary fibre, arabinoxylan, fructan, beta-glucan, starch and resistant starch. Total dietary fibre content and extractability were not changed significantly by bread making. The extractability of mixed linkage (1 -> 3), (1 -> 4)- beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan) increased with baking, while the average molecular weight of beta-glucan decreased. However in one variety, SW 7, higher average molecular weight was maintained and a different pattern was apparent in the molecular weight distribution. SLU 7 is thereby promising for inclusion in bread where a higher molecular weight of beta-glucan is preferred, especially since the content of beta-glucan in SLU 7 is high. The resistant starch formed positively correlated with amylose content. The high amylose variety yielded 2.9% resistant starch in the bread crumb, making an important contribution to total dietary fibre. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 4. |
- Djurle, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Milling and extrusion of six barley varieties, effects on dietary fibre and starch content and composition
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cereal Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0733-5210 .- 1095-9963. ; 72, s. 146-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barley is a rich source of dietary fibre that can promote beneficial physiological effects. The carbohydrate composition in different barley varieties differs considerably and choice of variety is thus important. This study examined whether differences in carbohydrate composition observed in barley kernels of different varieties persisted in the sifted flour and in an extruded product. Six barley varieties were milled and extruded and dietary fibre and starch in the kernels, flour and extruded product were analysed. The starch content was found to be higher in flour and extruded product than in kernels. The content of arabinoxylan was higher in sifted flour than in kernels, but was decreased by extrusion. The extractability of arabinoxylan was increased by extrusion, while its average molecular weight was decreased. Extrusion also decreased the content of mixed-linkage (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan in all varieties, but increased its extractability. The six barley varieties were affected in much the same way by milling and extrusion, but clear differences could still be observed. For example, the arabinoxylan in variety SW 28708 was less affected and variety KVL 301 had much lower extractability (76% vs 91-98%) of mixed-linkage (1 -> 3),(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucan after extrusion than the other varieties. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 5. |
- Lindahl, Jenny K, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-term study showed that vaccination protected paediatric renal transplant recipients from life-threatening varicella zoster virus.
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 107:12, s. 2185-2192
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Renal transplant patients are particularly susceptible to highly contagious diseases due to their reduced immunity. We studied transplant recipients to gauge their varicella zoster virus (VZV) serology status over time and the outcome of any VZV infections.This retrospective study comprised 85 children who underwent renal transplants in Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1986 to 2014, at a mean age of eight (1-18) years. The children's medical records were reviewed and 47 had the VZV infection pre-transplant and 38 had been vaccinated pre-transplant. Clinical outcomes were available for 85 children and serology results for 72.At transplantation, the VZV seropositivity rate was 50% in the vaccination group and 94% in the infection group and the antibody titres were significantly lower in the vaccination group (p = 0.031). During the median follow-up period of five years post-transplant, 28% of the vaccinated children and 97% of the infection group remained seropositive and the varicella infection affected eight children: one in the infection group and seven in the vaccination group. The herpes zoster was observed in two children in the infection group.This study demonstrated that VZV vaccination protected from symptomatic infections to a lesser extent than natural infection, but provided effective protection from life-threatening disease.
|
|
| 6. |
- Strömbeck, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Allergic disease in 8-year old children is preceded by delayed B-cell maturation.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2222. ; 47:7, s. 918-928
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We previously reported that exposure to a farming environment is allergy-protective, while high proportions of neonatal immature/naïve CD5(+) B cells and putative regulatory T cells (Tregs) are risk factors for development of allergic disease and sensitization up to 3 years of age.To examine if B- and T-cell maturation are associated with allergic disease and farming environment over the first 8 years in life.In the prospective FARMFLORA study, including both farming and non-farming families, 48 out of 65 children took part in the 8-year follow-up study. Various B- and T-cell maturation variables were examined in blood samples obtained at several occasions from birth to 8 years of age and related to doctors' diagnosed allergic disease and sensitization, and to farming environment.We found that the incidence of allergic disease was lower among farmers' compared to non-farmers' children during the 8-years follow-up period, and that farmers' children had higher proportions of memory B cells at 8 years of age. Moreover, a high proportion of neonatal CD5(+) B cells was a risk factor for and may predict development of allergic disease at 8 years of age. A high proportion of Tregs was not protective against development of these conditions.High proportions of neonatal naïve B cells remained as a risk factor for allergic disease in school-aged children. Thus, the accelerated B-cell maturation observed among farmers' children may be crucial for the allergy-protective effect of a farming environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 7. |
- Velie, Brandon, et al.
(författare)
-
Horses: an underutilized animal model
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horses provide an opportunity to study unique phenotypes that can lead to fundamental biological insights as well as help to decipher mechanisms underlying biological and disease processes. At present, we have three horse projects with preliminary results that may serve as models for investigating gene functions in mammals.A GWAS of equine insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH), an allergic recurrent seasonal dermatitis classed as a type I and type IV hypersensitive reaction, suggests the importance of two genomic regions on Chromosome 8 (ECA8). An increased knowledge of the genes involved in the manifestation of IBH is expected to not only improve prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of equine IBH, but may also broaden our understanding of the biology underlying type I and type IV hypersensitive reactions across species.Observed in a wide range of species including humans, a second project concerns polydactyly, a genetic defect that presents as an increased number of digits. Preliminary analyses of a family of ponies suggest a recessive mode of inheritance in horses. Through whole-genome re-sequencing of this family (n=5) we aimed to confirm this mode of inheritance and identify the causative locus.Additionally, Delta F STanalyses of harness racing breeds have identified specific candidate regions that harbor genes selected for athletic performance. These regions contain genes known to be involved in energy metabolism and cell growth. Genes that regulate energy metabolism and other biological processes that impact racing performance have the potential to improve our understanding of metabolic defects and diseases in horses as well as in other species.At the meeting we will present results from the three aforementioned studies and comment on the fact that in some circumstances the horse may provide unique knowledge of biological pathways that may not otherwise be fully understood.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ahmadi, Nasser, 1958, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and its association with self-rated health and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide: a cross-sectional study
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Esc Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 2055-5822. ; 3:3, s. 205-211
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, hypertension, and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) predict left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function (DD-PSF). Self-rated health (SRH) is shown to be associated with chronic diseases, but the association of SRH with DD-PSF is unclear. In light of the clinical implications of DD-PSF, the following goals are of considerable importance: (1) to determine the role of SRH in patients with DD-PSF in the general population and (2) to study the association between Nt-proBNP and DD-PSF. Methods and results The current study is a cross-sectional study conducted on a random sampling of a rural population. Individuals 30-75 years of age were consecutively subjected to conventional echocardiography and tissue velocity imaging. Data were collected on 500 (48%) men and 538 (52%) women (n = 1038). DD-PSF was the main outcome, and SRH and Nt-proBNP were the primary indicators. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity were accounted for as major confounders of the association with SRH. DD-PSF was identified in 137 individuals, namely, 79 men (15.8%) and 58 women (10.8%). In a multivariate regression model, SRH (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.02-8.57) and Nt-proBNP (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1 OR 4.23; 95% CI 1.74-10.26) were both independently associated with DD-PSF. Conclusions SRH, evaluated based on a descriptive question on general health, should be included in the diagnostic process of DD-PSF. In agreement with previous studies, our study confirms that Nt-proBNP is a major indicator of DD-PSF.
|
|
| 9. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluating gas chromatography with a halogen-specific detector for the determination of disinfection by-products in drinking water
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 26, s. 7305-7314
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occurrence of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water has become an issue of concern during the past decades. The DBPs pose health risks and are suspected to cause various cancer forms, be genotoxic and have negative developmental effects. The vast chemical diversity of DBPs makes comprehensive monitoring challenging. Only few of the DBPs are regulated and included in analytical protocols. In this study, a method for simultaneous measurement of 20 DBPs from five different structural classes (both regulated and non-regulated) was investigated and further developed for 11 DBPs using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled with a halogen specific detector (XSD). The XSD was highly selective towards halogenated DBPs, providing chromatograms with little noise. The method allowed detection down to 0.05 µg/L and showed promising results for the simultaneous determination of a range of neutral DBP classes. Compounds from two classes of emerging DBPs, more cytotoxic than the “traditional” regulated DBPs, were successfully determined using this method. However, haloacetic acids (HAAs) should be analyzed separately as some HAA methyl esters may degrade giving false positives of trihalomethanes (THMs). The method was tested on real water samples from two municipal waterworks where the target DBP concentrations were found below the regulatory limits of Sweden.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
-
Influence of allochthonous dissolved organic matter on pelagic basal production in a northerly estuary
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. - : Elsevier. - 0272-7714 .- 1096-0015. ; 204, s. 225-235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria are key groups at the base of aquatic food webs. In estuaries receiving riverine water with a high content of coloured allochthonous dissolved organic matter (ADOM), phytoplankton primary production may be reduced, while bacterial production is favoured. We tested this hypothesis by performing a field study in a northerly estuary receiving nutrient-poor, ADOM-rich riverine water, and analyzing results using multivariate statistics. Throughout the productive season, and especially during the spring river flush, the production and growth rate of heterotrophic bacteria were stimulated by the riverine inflow of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). In contrast, primary production and photosynthetic efficiency (i.e. phytoplankton growth rate) were negatively affected by DOC. Primary production related positively to phosphorus, which is the limiting nutrient in the area. In the upper estuary where DOC concentrations were the highest, the heterotrophic bacterial production constituted almost 100% of the basal production (sum of primary and bacterial production) during spring, while during summer the primary and bacterial production were approximately equal. Our study shows that riverine DOC had a strong negative influence on coastal phytoplankton production, likely due to light attenuation. On the other hand DOC showed a positive influence on bacterial production since it represents a supplementary food source. Thus, in boreal regions where climate change will cause increased river inflow to coastal waters, the balance between phytoplankton and bacterial production is likely to be changed, favouring bacteria. The pelagic food web structure and overall productivity will in turn be altered. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
|
|
