| 1. |
- Ståhle, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Designguide för Smarta gator
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Designguiden för smarta gator konkretiserar hur de fyra megatrenderna urbanisering, digitalisering, samhällsförändringar och miljöförändringar leder till nya krav och utformningsprinciper för framtidens gator. Guiden är tänkt att fungera som en inspiration och ett underlag för att förnya svensk gatupolicy på nationell, regional och kommunal nivå.Guiden innehåller utöver en inledning följande kapitel: en historisk tillbakablick (gatans utveckling), gatans användning, gatans delar, gatans design, designprocessen, guidens genomförande.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Tobias, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Country of birth and mortality risk in hypertension with and without diabetes: the Swedish primary care cardiovascular database.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 39:6, s. 1155-1162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertension and diabetes are common and are both associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate associations between mortality risk and country of birth among hypertensive individuals in primary care with and without concomitant diabetes, which has not been studied previously. In addition, we aimed to study the corresponding risks of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke.This observational cohort study of 62557 individuals with hypertension diagnosed 2001-2008 in the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database assessed mortality by the Swedish Cause of Death Register, and myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke by the National Patient Register. Cox regression models were used to estimate study outcome hazard ratios by country of birth and time updated diabetes status, with adjustments for multiple confounders.During follow-up time without diabetes using Swedish-born as reference, adjusted mortality hazard ratios per country of birth category were Finland: 1.26 (95% confidence interval 1.15-1.38), high-income European countries: 0.84 (0.74-0.95), low-income European countries: 0.84 (0.71-1.00) and non-European countries: 0.65 (0.56-0.76). The corresponding adjusted mortality hazard ratios during follow-up time with diabetes were high-income European countries: 0.78 (0.63-0.98), low-income European countries: 0.74 (0.57-0.96) and non-European countries: 0.56 (0.44-0.71). During follow-up without diabetes, the corresponding adjusted hazard ratio of myocardial infarction was increased for Finland: 1.16 (1.01-1.34), whereas the results for ischemic stroke were inconclusive.In Sweden, hypertensive immigrants (with the exception for Finnish-born) with and without diabetes have a mortality advantage, as compared to Swedish-born.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Tobias, 1976
(författare)
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Diabetes and hypertension - entangled chronic conditions in primary care. Time trends and determinants for mortality and cardiovascular complications.
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Diabetes and hypertension are chronic, often coexisting conditions with increased risk of premature death and cardiovascular complications. This thesis aimed to study different epidemiological aspects regarding risk of mortality and cardiovascular complications among individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and hypertension with concomitant diabetes in primary care. The thesis includes four cohort studies. In Study I, people with new-onset type 2 diabetes registered in the Skaraborg Diabetes Register (SDR) 1991–2004 were followed until 2014 to assess causes of death and mortality trends compared to controls from the population, and in Study II to evaluate C-peptide as a predictor of mortality and cardiovascular complications. In Study III, people with hypertension registered in primary care and included in the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database (SPCCD) 2001–2008 were followed until 2012 to estimate the risk of mortality and cardiovascular complications with regard to diabetes status, educational level and income, and in Study IV with regard to diabetes status and country of birth. In the SDR, excess mortality was driven by cardiovascular and endocrine causes of death and decreased by 2% per calendar year of diagnosis 1991–2004. Also, C-peptide was associated with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. In the SPCCD, diabetes and low income versus no diabetes and high income was associated with almost 4-fold increased risk of mortality and 2-fold risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. Compared to Swedish-born, Non-European country of birth was associated with decreased risk and being born in Finland with increased risk of mortality. In conclusion, excess mortality in patients in Skaraborg with type 2 diabetes has decreased. In diabetes and hypertension, socioeconomic factors and C-peptide are associated with risk of mortality and cardiovascular complications and could potentially be used to identify patients at high risk of adverse outcomes, to allocate health care resources, and to strengthen individual risk factor control with the aim to improve prognosis.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Tobias, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of statins on mortality and cardiovascular disease in primary care hypertensive patients without other cardiovascular disease or diabetes.
- 2023
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Ingår i: European journal of preventive cardiology. - 2047-4881. ; 30:17, s. 1883-1894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies in primary health care (PHC) assessing the effect of primary prevention with statins on mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are scarce. This study aimed to estimate the effect of statins on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in individuals in PHC with hypertension without CVD or diabetes.Using the Swedish PHC quality assurance register QregPV, the study included 13 193 individuals with hypertension without CVD or diabetes, who had filled a first statin prescription between 2010 and 2016, and 13 193 matched controls without a filled statin prescription at index date. Controls were matched on sex and propensity score using clinical data and data from national registers on co-morbidities, prescriptions, and socioeconomic status. The effect of statins was estimated in Cox regression models.During a median of 4.2 years of follow-up, 395 individuals in the statin group versus 475 in the control group died, 197 versus 232 died of cardiovascular disease, 171 versus 191 had a MI, and 161 versus 181 had a stroke. The treatment effect of statins was significant for all-cause mortality (HR 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-0.93) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72-0.998). Overall, no significant treatment effect of statins was seen for MI (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.74-1.07), but there was a significant interaction with sex (p=0.008) with decreased risk of MI for women but not for men (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.49-0.88 versus HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.86-1.38).Primary prevention with statins in PHC was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and in women, lower risk of MI.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Tobias, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of diabetes, education and income on mortality and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: A cohort study from the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database (SPCCD).
- 2020
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Ingår i: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 15:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we aimed to estimate the effect of diabetes, educational level and income on the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events in primary care patients with hypertension.We followed 62,557 individuals with hypertension diagnosed 2001-2008, in the Swedish Primary Care Cardiovascular Database. Study outcomes were death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke, assessed using national registers until 2012. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios of outcomes according to diabetes status, educational level, and income.During follow-up, 13,231 individuals died, 9981 were diagnosed with diabetes, 4431 with myocardial infarction, and 4433 with ischemic stroke. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for diabetes versus no diabetes: mortality 1.57 (1.50-1.65), myocardial infarction 1.24 (1.14-1.34), and ischemic stroke 1.17 (1.07-1.27). Hazard ratios for diabetes and ≤9 years of school versus no diabetes and >12 years of school: mortality 1.56 (1.41-1.73), myocardial infarction 1.36 (1.17-1.59), and ischemic stroke 1.27 (1.08-1.50). Hazard ratios for diabetes and income in the lowest fifth group versus no diabetes and income in the highest fifth group: mortality 3.82 (3.36-4.34), myocardial infarction 2.00 (1.66-2.42), and ischemic stroke 1.91 (1.58-2.31).Diabetes combined with low income was associated with substantial excess risk of mortality, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke among primary care patients with hypertension.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Alkali desorption from ilmenite oxygen carrier particles used in biomass combustion
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fuel. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxygen-carrying fluidized bed materials are increasingly used in novel technologies for carbon capture and storage, and to improve the efficiency of fuel conversion processes. Potassium- and sodium-containing compounds are released during biomass combustion and may have both negative and positive effects on conversion processes. Ilmenite is an important oxygen carrier material with the ability to capture alkali in the form of titanates. This is a desirable property since it may reduce detrimental alkali effects including fouling, corrosion, and fluidized bed agglomeration. This study investigates the interactions of alkali-containing compounds with ilmenite particles previously used in an industrial scale (115 MWth) oxygen carrier aided combustion system. The ilmenite samples were exposed to temperatures up to 1000 °C under inert and oxidizing conditions while the alkali release kinetics were characterized using online alkali monitoring. Alkali desorption occurs between 630 and 800 °C, which is attributed to loosely bound alkali at or near the surface of the particles. Extensive alkali release is observed above 900 °C and proceeds during extended time periods at 1000 °C. The release above 900 °C is more pronounced under oxidizing conditions and approximately 9.1 and 3.2 wt% of the alkali content is emitted from the ilmenite samples in high and low oxygen activity, respectively. Detailed material analyses using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were conducted before and after temperature treatment, which revealed that the concentrations of potassium, sodium and chlorine decrease at the outermost surface of the ilmenite particles during temperature treatment, and Cl is depleted to a deeper level in oxidizing conditions compared to inert. The implications for ilmenite-ash interactions, oxygen carrier aided combustion and chemical looping systems are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Alkali interactions with a calcium manganite oxygen carrier used in chemical looping combustion
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fuel Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC) of biofuels is a promising technology for cost-efficient CO2 separation and can lead to negative CO2 emissions when combined with carbon capture and storage. A potential challenge in developing CLC technology is the effects of alkali metal-containing compounds released during fuel conversion. This study investigates the interactions between alkali and an oxygen carrier (OC), CaMn0.775Ti0.125Mg0.1O3-δ, to better understand the fate of alkali in CLC. A laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor is operated at 800–900 °C in oxidizing, reducing and inert atmospheres to mimic CLC conditions. Alkali is fed to the reactor as aerosol KCl particles, and alkali in the exhaust is measured online with a surface ionization detector. The alkali concentration changes with gas environment, temperature, and alkali loading, and the concentration profile has excellent reproducibility over repeated redox cycles. Alkali-OC interactions are dominated by alkali uptake under most conditions, except for a release during OC reduction. Uptake is significant during stable reducing conditions, and is limited under oxidizing conditions. The total uptake during a redox cycle is favored by a high alkali loading, while the influence of temperature is weak. The implications for the understanding of alkali behavior in CLC and further development are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Alkali-wall interactions in a laboratory-scale reactor for chemical looping combustion studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fuel Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkali metal-containing compounds are readily released during thermal conversion of solid fuels, and may have both detrimental and beneficial effects on chemical looping combustion. Here, we characterize alkali interactions with the inner walls of a laboratory-scale reactor under oxidizing, reducing and inert conditions at temperatures up to 900 °C. KCl aerosol particles are continuously introduced to the stainless steel reactor and the alkali concentration is measured on-line with a surface ionization detector. Aerosol particles evaporate at temperatures above 500 °C and KCl molecules rapidly diffuse to the reactor wall. Up to 92% of the alkali reaching the wall below 700 °C remains adsorbed, while re-evaporation is important at higher temperatures, where up to 74% remains adsorbed. Transient changes in alkali concentration are observed during repeated redox cycles, which are associated with changes in chemical composition of the wall material. Metal oxides on the reactor wall are partially depleted under reducing conditions, which allow for the formation of a new potassium-rich phase that is stable in a reducing atmosphere, but not under inert conditions. The observed wall effects are concluded to be extensive and include major transient effects depending on gas composition, and the implications for laboratory studies and improved experimental methodology are discussed.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Design and first application of a novel laboratory reactor for alkali studies in chemical looping applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Fuel Processing Technology. - 0378-3820. ; 252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkali compounds are readily released during biomass conversion and their complex interactions with reactor walls and sampling equipment makes detailed investigations challenging. This study evaluates a novel laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor for chemical looping combustion (CLC) studies. The reactor design is based on detailed consideration of the behavior of alkali-containing molecules and aerosol particles and is guided by computational fluid dynamic simulations. The design allows for interactions between gaseous alkali and a fluidized bed, while minimizing alkali interactions with walls before and after the fluidized bed. The function of the laboratory reactor is demonstrated in experiments using online gas and alkali analysis. Alkali is continuously fed to the reactor as KOH or KCl aerosol with and without a fluidized bed of the oxygen carrier CaMn0.775Ti0.125Mg0.1O3-δ present in inert, reducing and oxidizing conditions at temperatures up to 900 °C. Alkali uptake by the OC is characterized in all conditions, and observed to sensitively depend on gas composition, reactor temperature and type of alkali compound. The experimental setup is concluded to have a significantly improved functionality compared to a previously used reactor, which opens up for detailed studies of interactions between alkali compounds and oxygen carriers used in CLC.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Viktor, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Gaseous alkali interactions with ilmenite, manganese oxide and calcium manganite under chemical looping combustion conditions
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fuel Processing Technology. - 0378-3820 .- 1873-7188. ; 254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alkali species present in biomass pose significant challenges in chemical looping combustion (CLC) processes and other thermal conversion applications. The interactions between different alkali species and three common oxygen carrier (OC) materials that are considered to be state of the art in CLC applications have been investigated. A dedicated fluidized bed laboratory reactor was used to study interactions of KCl, NaCl, KOH, NaOH, K2SO4 and Na2SO4 with manganese oxide, calcium manganite and ilmenite. Alkali vapor was generated by injecting alkali salts under reducing, oxidizing and inert conditions at 900 °C. Gaseous species were measured online downstream of the reactor, and the efficiency of alkali uptake was determined under different conditions. The result show significant alkali uptake by all OCs under the studied conditions. Ilmenite shows near complete alkali uptake in reducing conditions, while manganese oxide and calcium manganite exhibited less effective alkali uptake, but have advantages in terms of fuel conversion and oxidizing efficiency. Alkali chlorides, sulfates and hydroxides show distinctly different behavior, with alkali hydroxides being efficiently captured all three investigate OC materials. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of alkali behavior and offer valuable guidance for the design and optimization of CLC with biomass.
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