| 1. |
- Ghosheh, Nidal, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes Show Higher Transcriptional Correlation with Adult Liver Tissue than with Fetal Liver Tissue
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 5:10, s. 4816-4827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hPSC-HEP) display many properties of mature hepatocytes, including expression of important genes of the drug metabolizing machinery, glycogen storage, and production of multiple serum proteins. To this date, hPSC-HEP do not, however, fully recapitulate the complete functionality of in vivo mature hepatocytes. In this study, we applied versatile bioinformatic algorithms, including functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses, transcription factor binding-site enrichment, and similarity and correlation analyses, to datasets collected from different stages during hPSC-HEP differentiation and compared these to developmental stages and tissues from fetal and adult human liver. Our results demonstrate a high level of similarity between the in vitro differentiation of hPSC-HEP and in vivo hepatogenesis. Importantly, the transcriptional correlation of hPSC-HEP with adult liver (AL) tissues was higher than with fetal liver (FL) tissues (0.83 and 0.70, respectively). Functional data revealed mature features of hPSC-HEP including cytochrome P450 enzymes activities and albumin secretion. Moreover, hPSC-HEP showed expression of many genes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Despite the high similarities observed, we identified differences of specific pathways and regulatory players by analyzing the gene expression between hPSC-HEP and AL. These findings will aid future intervention and improvement of in vitro hepatocyte differentiation protocol in order to generate hepatocytes displaying the complete functionality of mature hepatocytes. Finally, on the transcriptional level, our results show stronger correlation and higher similarity of hPSC-HEP to AL than to FL. In addition, potential targets for further functional improvement of hPSC-HEP were also identified.
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| 2. |
- Abdulkadiroglu, Atila, et al.
(författare)
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School Choice
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- School districts in the US and around the world are increasingly moving away from traditional neighborhood school assignment, in which pupils attend closest schools to their homes. Instead, they allow families to choose from schools within district boundaries. This creates a market with parental demand over publicly-supplied school seats. More frequently than ever, this market for school seats is cleared via market design solutions grounded in recent advances in matching and mechanism design theory. The literature on school choice is reviewed with emphasis placed on the trade-offs among policy objectives and best practices in the design of admissions processes. It is concluded with a brief discussion about how data generated by assignment algorithms can be used to answer contemporary empirical questions about school effectiveness and policy interventions.
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| 3. |
- Abdulkadiroglu, Atila, et al.
(författare)
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School Choice
- 2023. - 1
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Ingår i: Handbook of the Economics of Education. - : Elsevier. - 1574-0692. - 9780323992404 - 0323992404 ; 6, s. 135-185
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- School districts in the United States and around the world are increasingly moving away from traditional neighborhood school assignment, in which pupils attend closest schools to their homes. Instead, they allow families to choose from schools within district boundaries. This creates a market with parental demand over publicly-supplied school seats. More frequently than ever, this market for school seats is cleared via market design solutions grounded in recent advances in matching and mechanism design theory. The literature on school choice is reviewed with emphasis placed on the trade-offs among policy objectives and best practices in the design of admissions processes. It is concluded with a brief discussion about how data generated by assignment algorithms can be used to answer contemporary empirical questions about school effectiveness and policy interventions.
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| 4. |
- Ahani, Narges, et al.
(författare)
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Placement Optimization in Refugee Resettlement
- 2021
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Ingår i: Operations Research. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0030-364X .- 1526-5463. ; 69:5, s. 1468-1486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Every year, tens of thousands of refugees are resettled to dozens of host countries. Although there is growing evidence that the initial placement of refugee families profoundly affects their lifetime outcomes, there have been few attempts to optimize resettlement decisions. We integrate machine learning and integer optimization into an innovative software tool, Annie™ Matching and Outcome Optimization for Refugee Empowerment (Annie™ Moore), that assists a U.S. resettlement agency with matching refugees to their initial placements. Our software suggests optimal placements while giving substantial autonomy to the resettlement staff to fine-tune recommended matches, thereby streamlining their resettlement operations. Initial back testing indicates that Annie™ can improve short-run employment outcomes by 22%–38%. We conclude by discussing several directions for future work.
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| 5. |
- Ahnlund, Petra, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and correlates of sexual, physical, and psychological violence against women and men of 60 to 74 years in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Interpersonal Violence. - Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. - 0886-2605 .- 1552-6518. ; 35:5-6, s. 1539-1561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past-year sexual, physical, and psychological violence against women and men aged 60 to 74 years was studied. The data derived from a nationally representative survey on violence in which approximately 2,800 women and men aged 60 to 74 years in Sweden participated. Women were significantly more likely to have been subjected to at least one form of violence in the past year. The prevalence of sexual violence as well as systematic and repeated psychological violence was found to be significantly higher for women than for men. Sexual violence was the most common form of violence against women. Systematic and repeated psychological violence was the most common form of violence against men. Additional gender differences were found in relation to victim characteristics. While associations among women were found between violence victimization and sociodemographic characteristics, health as well as social capital, only health-related characteristics were found to be associated with past-year violence victimization among men. Among women, economic problems, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, lack of trust in other people, and not having anyone to talk to were associated with violence victimization. Poor psychological health and an at-risk consumption of alcohol were found to be associated with violence victimization among men. The results highlight the importance of research on violence victimization to assess gender differences also when inquiring into the situation among persons in older generations. The results also indicate practical implications for caring professions; the need to inquire into the experiences of violence among older persons and to pay particular attention to these characteristics when encountering women and men in this age interval.
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| 6. |
- Almeida-Santana, A., et al.
(författare)
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Does bestial make you a happy human? The impact on happiness from participation in an obstacle running event
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Event and Festival Management. - : Emerald. - 1758-2954. ; 13:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose The main research questions addressed by this study focus on Subjective Well-Being (SWB) and to what extent the individual's SWB relates to the individual's need for personal growth. Specific interest is devoted to the effects of intentions (to have personal goals) and behavior (to achieve personal goals). Design/methodology/approach Can SWB and happiness research help to explain the tremendous growth in demanding amateur sport event participation? Most research on SWB and events has, so far been undertaken on cultural events leaving a gap related to sport events, especially obstacle running events. Bestial is an obstacle race event held in Arucas on Canary Islands, Spain. Apart from competitiveness, the race also contains elements of altruism as many competitors do help each other at various obstacles along the route, in groups (mainly) teams. A sample of 700 participants answered questions about behavior, attitudes and SWB. Findings The results show significant relations between SWB and both intentions and behavior but also that intentions and behavior are not correlated. Research limitations/implications The "Bestial" is different from an average running event in some respects. It is a rather local event for Gran Canaria without international participation. For some participants it is more challenging and enduring but for others it is a team sport where one helps other team members to complete the race. In this study, these two types of participation have not been separated. The test of whether the SWB of participants is higher than the SWB of the average citizen is not satisfactory. Data for the average of SWB in Spain had to depend on a study from another year and where standard deviation was not available. Practical implications The results of this work are useful for event managers to improve their design and develop the most appropriate marketing messages. Social implications The study aims for an explanation to why demanding physical activities, such as obstacle races, are so popular. In this study of obstacle race participation, hedonia is regarded as less relevant and focus is on eudaimonia and an assumption that participants in an obstacle race have a high SWB since they can feel that they make progress towards goals. One intended contribution of this study is to distinguish between "to have a goal" and "to progress towards a goal". Thus, the model proposed is based on hypotheses that SWB is influenced by both. Two types of goals are studied: first a mainly individualistic goal of becoming physically fit and second a more altruistic goal of "becoming a better person". Originality/value In the conclusions, the importance for a happy life of simply having goals for personal growth and the value of anticipation for happiness is discussed.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Lars Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
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Little Dog for Roger : en film av Malcolm Le Grice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Historiska fiktioner : En antologi om film, tv och historia - En antologi om film, tv och historia. - 978 91 8906 331 0 ; , s. 70-77
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Short analysis of the experimental film "Little Dog for Roger" (1967) by British artist and filmmaker Malcolm Le Grice (b. 1940).
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Tetra : historien om dynastin Rausing
- 2021. - 3. rev.
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tetra är historien om en innovativ och revolutionerande mjölkförpackning som än idag fortsätter att spridas över hela världen. I denna reviderade utgåva, som sträcker sig fram till år 2021, berättar Peter Andersson och Tommy Larsson Segerlind om en av Sveriges absolut största industriella framgångar och familjeförmögenheter. Men också om hur vägen dit kantades av stora bakslag, ekonomiska kriser och maktstrider mellan olika nyckelpersoner. Det är samtidigt en berättelse om Ruben Rausing och hur dynastin Rausings olika ägarroller har förändrats över tid. Inte minst är Tetra en skildring om de okända människor som spelade avgörande roller för att Tetra Pak skulle kunna bli ett världsföretag.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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2020 års Ekonomipris till Paul Milgrom och Robert Wilson
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska Föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 48:8, s. 5-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien har beslutat dela ut årets Ekonomipris till Paul Milgrom och Robert Wilson, båda från Stanford University, USA, för ”förbättringar av auktionsteorin och uppfinningar av nya auktionsformat”. Årets pristagare har i sin forskning sammanfört teori och praktik, till nytta för enskilda individer, företag och samhällen världen över.
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| 10. |
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