| 1. |
- Björk, Robert G., 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting effects of wood ash application on microbial community structure, biomass and processes in drained forested peatlands
- 2010
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1574-6941 .- 0168-6496. ; 73:3, s. 550-562
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of wood ash application on soil microbial processes were investigated in three drained forested peatlands, which differed in nutrient status and time since application. Measured variables included concentrations of soil elements and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), net nitrogen mineralisation, nitrification and denitrification enzyme activity, potential methane oxidation, methane production and microbial respiration kinetics. Wood ash application had a considerable influence on soil element concentrations. This mirrored a decrease in the majority of the microbial biomarkers by more than one-third in the two oligotrophic peatlands, although microbial community composition was not altered. The decreases in PLFAs coincided with reduced net ammonification and net nitrogen mineralisation. Other measured variables did not change systematically as a result of wood ash application. No significant changes in microbial biomass or processes were found in the mesotrophic peatland, possibly because too little time (1 year) had elapsed since the wood ash application. This study suggests that oligotrophic peatlands can be substantially affected by wood ash for a period of at least four years after application. However, within 25 years of the wood ash application, the microbial biomass seemed to have recovered or adapted to enhanced element concentrations in the soil.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Gourdon, Mathias, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Sodium Salt Scaling in Black Liquor Evaporators – Pilot Plant Results and Industrial Significance
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Chemical Recovery Conference, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA, March 29 – April 1 2010, s. 298-312. - 9781595101983 ; 2, s. 298-311
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In industrial black liquor evaporation plants large amounts of sodium crystals are produced every day which all has the potential to scale the evaporator surfaces. In this project, research on the crystallization during evaporation of softwood black liquor has been performed. The results are based on measurements in a research black liquor evaporator.The distribution of scales vertically along the heat transfer surface has been investigated as well as the influence of different operating conditions, such as the circulating flow rate of black liquor, the residence time for the black liquor in the evaporator and the temperature difference between the liquor and the heating steam.The sodium scales formed during evaporation are mainly in the form of double salts of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate. The ratio between the two salts is one important parameter affecting the crystallization and scaling. The effect of the carbonate-to-sulfate ratio has been investigated for aqueous sodium carbonate – sodium sulfate solutions. In this paper, the results of these investigations are presented and a number of industrial significances are illustrated.
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| 4. |
- Hellsmark, Hans, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet: En praktisk vägledning till identifiering av systemsvagheter som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att illustrera hur ett praktiskt inriktat ramverk, tekno- logiska innovationssystem (TIS), kan användas av analytiker och beslutsfattare vid departement och myndigheter för att analysera strategiskt viktiga teknikområden ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I rapporten analyseras fem TIS centrerade kring havsbaserad vindkraft, marin energi, ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? systemsvagheter som bromsar områdets vidare utveckling, vilka som kan åtgärdas av systemets aktörer och vilka som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden. Rapporten utgör därmed ett underlag för att formulera åtgärder för att åstadkomma ökad innova- tion, teknikspridning och industrialisering inom ovan nämnda teknikområden.Studien har även möjliggjort en jämförande analys av likheter och skillnader ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? mellan områdena – de är starka respektive svaga av olika orsaker. Detta visar att ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Samtidigt har områdena gemensamma drag. Systemets aktörer, där även politiska ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- skapsnätverk. Men de har varit sämre på att skapa tidiga nischmarknader som ger utrymme för fortsatt lärande och kostnadsreduktion. Sådana nischer kan ibland skapas av marknadens aktörer, men ofta krävs politiska styrmedel. De behövs för att investeringar i kunskapsutveckling ska kunna nyttiggöras och för att en bred industriell utveckling inom nya områden skall göras möjlig i Sverige.Vidare presenteras lärdomar kring vad en aktiv teknikpolitik innebär. Två huvud- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- hällsbygget och därför bör vara ett politikområde bland många samt att den skarpa ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? olika faser av innovationssystemets utveckling.För att lyckas med en aktiv teknikpolitik behövs en hög grad av koordinering ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? teknikområden så att ”rätt” typ av åtgärder kan sättas in vid ”rätt” tidpunkt av ”rätt” aktör. TIS-ramverket lyfts här fram som en metod för att skapa ett sådant underlag. Slutligen presenteras en metod för projektbedömningar som syftar till att stötta handläggare i utvärderingar av projekt inom nya teknikområden.Rapporten i sin helhet riktar sig särskilt till beslutsfattare och handläggare vid myndigheter, departement och politiker, men även andra organisationer och indi- vider med intresse av att högt ställda klimatmål ska kunna nås samtidigt som en positiv näringslivsutveckling möjliggörs.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Jungert, Tomas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Self-efficacy Beliefs in Mathematics, Native Language Literacy and Foreign Language Amongst Boys and Girls with and without Mathematic Difficulties
- 2013
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research. - : Routledge. - 0031-3831 .- 1470-1170. ; 57:1, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to examine achievement and self-efficacy in mathematics and native and foreign language literacy in children with specific mathematic LD (MD-only), children with comorbid mathematic and reading difficulties (MD-RD), and compare them with children without LD (controls), as well as to explore gender differences. Participants were 143 fifth-graders in Sweden who completed National Tests and measures of self-efficacy in mathematics and literacy. The MD-RD children displayed lower self-efficacy in all subjects compared to the controls, even when controlling for achievement. The MD-only children displayed lower self-efficacy in mathematics, completely accounted for by their lower mathematic achievement. The lower self-efficacy for children with learning disabilities may primarily be explained by their history of low achievement interpreted as failures and their emphasis on negative appraisals.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Anna, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Histologic Evaluation of Soft Tissue Integration of Experimental Abutments for Bone Anchored Hearing Implants Using Surgery Without Soft Tissue Reduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Otology & Neurotology. - 1531-7129. ; 33:8, s. 1445-1451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The protocol for bone-anchored hearing implants (e. g., Baha (R)) surgery involves reduction of soft tissues around the abutment to minimize the risk of skin-related complications. It is hypothesized that good soft tissue outcomes may be achieved without performing skin reduction if improved abutment designs and/or materials are used that provide enhanced integration with surrounding soft tissues. The aim of the study was to investigate soft tissue response to different abutment designs/materials. Methods: Thirty-six Baha implants and abutments were inserted in the skull of six sheep without performing soft tissue reduction. Four different abutments were used: 1) standard Baha abutments, 2) hydroxyapatite-coated standard Baha abutments, 3) concave titanium abutments, and 4) hydroxyapatite-coated concave abutments. Healing times of 1, 2, and 4 weeks were used (2 animals per time point). Samples were analyzed using descriptive histology and morphometric measurements, and results were compared using Wilcoxon's signed-ranked test. Results: Histologic assessment showed healthy soft tissues around the abutments with limited or no signs of inflammation. Hydroxyapatite-coated abutments showed tight adherence with dermis and limited epidermal downgrowth and pocket formation. Weaker adherence, often associated with significant epidermal downgrowth and pocket formation, was noted for noncoated titanium abutments. The mean pocket depth for abutment types A, B, C, and D was 1.38, 0.42, 1.51, and 0.24 mm, respectively. The difference between C and D was statistically significant (p = 0.031). Conclusion: The results showed enhanced dermal adherence and reduced epidermal downgrowth and pocket formation for hydroxyapatite-coated abutments, with the most significant effect recorded for the hydroxyapatite-coated abutments with a concave shape.
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| 8. |
- Nerstedt, Annika, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits IL-6-stimulated inflammatory response in human liver cells by suppressing phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - 0012-186X. ; 53:11, s. 2406-2416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the study was to examine the possible role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the regulation of the inflammatory response induced by cytokine action in human liver cells. METHODS: IL-6-stimulated expression of the genes for acute-phase response markers serum amyloid A (SAA1, SAA2) and haptoglobin (HP) in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 were quantified after modulation of AMPK activity by pharmacological agonists (5-amino-4-imidazole-carboxamideriboside [AICAR], metformin) or by using small interfering (si) RNA transfection. The intracellular signalling pathway mediating the effect of AMPK on IL-6-stimulated acute-phase marker expression was characterised by assessing the phosphorylation levels of the candidate protein signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in response to AMPK agonists. RESULTS: AICAR and metformin markedly blunt the IL-6-stimulated expression of SAA cluster genes as well as of haptoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the repression of AMPK activity by siRNA significantly reversed the inhibition of SAA expression by both AICAR and metformin, indicating that the effect of the agonists is dependent on AMPK. For the first time we show that AMPK appears to regulate IL-6 signalling by directly inhibiting the activation of the main downstream target of IL-6, STAT3. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We provide evidence for a key function of AMPK in suppression of the acute-phase response caused by the action of IL-6 in liver, suggesting that AMPK may act as an intracellular link between chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic regulation in peripheral metabolic tissues.
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| 9. |
- Nerstedt, Annika, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25): a novel negative regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism in rodent and human skeletal muscle
- 2012
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 55:6, s. 1797-1807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigates the role of serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25), a member of the sterile 20 (STE20) superfamily of kinases, in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. The effect of depleting STK25 in muscle cells was studied by reducing the mRNA and protein content of this target in the rat myoblast cell line L6 by small interfering (si)RNA. The changes in the mRNA and protein levels of several members of the fatty acid oxidative and glucose metabolic pathways were measured by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR and western blot. The rate of palmitate oxidation and glucose uptake was measured after transfection with siRNA for . Expression of was also evaluated in skeletal muscle biopsies from 41 white Europid men and women with normal and impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes using qRT-PCR. We demonstrate that partial depletion of STK25 increases the expression of uncoupling protein 3 (, accompanied by increased lipid oxidation, in myoblasts. In addition, a reduced level of STK25 enhances the expression of (also known as ), (also known as ) and hexokinase 2, and correspondingly, improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle cells. Consistent with these results, significantly higher levels were observed in the skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic patients, compared with individuals with normal glucose tolerance. This is the first study indicating a possible role for STK25 in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in L6 myoblasts. This kinase appears to be an interesting new mediator to be evaluated for therapeutic intervention in type 2 diabetes and related complications, as controlled increase in lipid oxidation and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is favourable and can restore energy balance in metabolically compromised states.
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| 10. |
- Olausson, Lars, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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Method and Apparatus for Controlling Incrustations in Multi Stage Evaporation Train for Black Liquor
- 2012
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Patent (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing the formation of incrustations during concentration of black liquor in a multiple-effect (1A-1B-1C) evaporation process. When the solubility level of salts in the black liquor is exceeded in a specific evaporation stage, at least a part of the concentrated black liquor is extracted after having passed said specific evaporation stage and subjected to a first separation process (SEP). In said separation process crystals (particles) of said salt are separated and at least a part of the salt crystals are recycled (RFR) directly into or to a position before said specific evaporation stage. This results in reduced formation of incrustations as well as reduced precipitation in the evaporation stages.
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