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- Anderstig, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Congestion charges and labour market imperfections : “wider economic benefits” or “losses”?
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presence of distortive taxation and agglomeration benefits in the labour market means that there are benefits and losses not captured by standard cost-benefit analyses of transport policy measures. Recent theoretical analyses have raised concerns that the labour market effects of congestion charges may constitute considerable losses in the form of reduced aggregate labour income, over and above what is captured by the consumer surplus in the standard analysis of congestion charges – possibly to the extent that congestion charges may reduce aggregate social welfare, contrary to conventional wisdom in transport economics. The sign and size of these effects are an empirical question, however. We investigate this issue by estimating the labour income effects of the Stockholm congestion charges, using an estimated relationship between workplace accessibility and labour income. Results show positive effects on labour income, meaning that the “wider economic benefits” of this system are in fact benefits, not losses. It turns out to be crucial that the model accounts for value-of-time heterogeneity in the income/accessibility relationship and in the calculation of generalized travel costs.
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- Anderstig, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating SCGE and I-O in Multiregional Modelling
- 2013
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Ingår i: Employment Location in Cities and Regions. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 9783642317781 - 9783642317798 ; , s. 159-180
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Economic activities can be modeled at different levels of aggregation. Different levels of detail regarding spatial or temporal resolution, or levels of sectoral aggregation are appropriate depending on the question at hand. In cases where changes on the micro scale affects what happens at the macro level, and vice versa, an integrated approach is required. In this paper a modeling framework is presented, where focus is placed on the interactions between production and employment. The aggregate spatial computable general equilibrium model STRAGO is interacted with the highly detailed input-output model system rAps. Interregional and intersectoral relations of production, including agglomeration, are represented in the aggregate model, providing a coarse description of production by which the rAps model system is constrained. Such constraints will affect where individuals may find a suitable job. At the same time the aggregate model is dependent on the labour supply, provided by rAps, in determining production. An application of the proposed modeling framework is presented where future projections are compared to historical data.
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