| 1. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and occupational wage gaps in Romania: from planned equality to market inequality?
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Romania, the communist regime promoted an official policy of gender equality for more than 40 years, providing equal access to education and employment, and restricting pay differentiation based on gender. After its fall in December 1989, the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment for women and men did not constitute a priority for any of the governments of the 1990s. This paper analyzes both gender and occupational wage gaps before and during the first years of transition to a market economy, and finds that the communist institutions did succeed in eliminating the gender wage differences in female- and male-dominated occupations, but not in gender-integrated occupations.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational gender composition and wages in Romania: from planned equality to market inequality
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Romania, the communist regime promoted an official policy of gender equality for more than 40 years, providing equal access to education and employment, and restricting pay differentiation based on gender. After its fall in December 1989, the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment for women and men did not constitute a priority for any of the governments of the 1990s. Given that both the economic mechanisms and the institutional settings changed radically, the question is if this affected gender equality. This paper analyzes both gender and occupational wage gaps in Romania before and during the first years of transition from a planned to a market economy. The results suggest that the communist institutions did succeed in eliminating the gender wage differences in female- and male-dominated occupations, but not in gender-integrated occupations, for which the gender wage gap was about 31.6%. During the transitions years, this gap decreased to 20-24%, while the gender wag gap in maleand female-dominated occupations increased to 10-14.5%.
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| 4. |
- Andrén, Thomas, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Employment Effects of Vocational Training Using a One-factor Model
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. ; 38:21, s. 2469-2486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Matching estimators use observed variables to adjust for differences between groups to eliminate sample selection bias. When minimum relevant information is not available, matching estimates are biased. If access to data on usually unobserved factors that determine the selection process is unavailable, other estimators should be used. This study advocates the one-factor control function estimator that allows for unobserved heterogeneity with factor-loading technique. Treatment effects of vocational training in Sweden are estimated with mean and distributional parameters, and then compared with matching estimates. The results indicate that unobservables slightly increase the treatment effect for those treated.
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| 5. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968
(författare)
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First Exits from the Swedish Labor Market Due to Disability
- 2008
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Ingår i: Population Research and Policy Review. ; 27:2, s. 227-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, with an increasingly aging population, an increasing proportion of the population on disability benefits, and an implicitly lower level of economic output and foregone tax revenue, disability has become a major public policy issue in many countries. Estimating both single risk and competing risks models on a Swedish longitudinal database, this study analyzes the risk of exit from the labor market due to disability at a certain age, conditional on having remained in the labor force until that age. The explanatory variables did not have identical coefficients across destination types. For example, the estimated single risk model shows that a higher level of education decreased the hazard of exiting the labor market with a disability pension, while the estimated competing risks model suggests that a higher level of education increased the hazard of exiting with a partial disability pension, but it decreased the hazard of exiting with a full disability pension.
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| 6. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-
(författare)
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First Exits from the Swedish Labor Market Due to Disability
- 2008
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Ingår i: Population. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-5923 .- 1573-7829. ; 27:2, s. 227-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of disability exits has been increasing in recent years, raising questions both about the well being of affected individuals, and about how to finance the related disability pensions. Using a longitudinal database owned by the Swedish National Social Insurance Board, this study analyzes the risk to exit into disability at a certain age, assuming that people remained in the labor force until that age. The estimates show that it was more than 7% higher for each 100 days of sickness, but was lower with each additional sickness spell. It was also higher for increments of 1% in the regional unemployment rate. These results suggest that more resources should be allocated for prevention, improving working conditions and designing the tasks of each job so as avoid overuse of employees working capacity.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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| 7. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-
(författare)
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In every rank, or great or small, 'Tis industry supports us all' : Ethnic Romanians and ethnic Hungarians, and their wages, in transition
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legally binding treaties or memorandums were used over time to regulate the issue of national borders of many European countries. As a result, relatively big groups of people become ethnic minority of other countries. They may conserve their ethnic identities, and therefore their children may accumulate ethnic human capital (e.g., language, culture, and religion) additionally to the general human capital of the country. Therefore, they can get access to an appropriate occupation, but also to some occupations linked by tradition or other factors to their ethnic group. Using data drawn from the Romanian Integrated Household Survey we analyze the composition of the wage gap between ethnic Romanians and Hungarians in Romania before and during the transition from a planned to a market economy. Using a selection model with an endogenous switch among three broad types of occupational groups, we analyze both the ethnic wage gap and the occupational wage gap within these two ethnic groups. The results suggest that the institutional settings of the controlled economy the big changes in the controlled economy (such as nationalization, industrialization, equal access for women and men to education and employment) allowed ethnic Romanians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns, while the changes during the transition years (especially regarding the improvement of minorities rights since 1997) allowed the ethnic Hungarians to work in occupations that gave them the best returns.
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| 8. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968
(författare)
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Long-term absenteeism due to sickness in Sweden. How long does it take and what happens after?
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Journal of Health Economics. - : Springer. ; 8:1, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we analyze exits from long-term sickness spells in Sweden. Using data for more than 2,500 people, the aim is to analyze the transition to different states: return to work, full disability pension, partial disability pension, and other exits from the labor force. Given the complexity of the exit decision, which encompasses both the individual’s choice, the medical evaluation and the decision of the insurance adjudicator, we consider the outcome as being the result of two aspects of the exit process: one that governs the duration of a spell prior to the decision to exit, and another that governs the type of exit. Therefore, the analysis is done in two steps: first, we analyze the duration of the sickness spells, and then we analyze the process that governs the type of exit. The results indicate that both individual characteristics and push factors, such as regional unemployment, are important for both components of the decision process.
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| 9. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-
(författare)
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’Never on a Sunday’ : Economic incentives and short-term sick leave in Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Routledge. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 37:3, s. 327-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a longitudinal data for about 1800 persons observed between 1986 and 1991, this study investigates the incentive effects on short-term sickness spells of two important regime changes in the social insurance system in Sweden implemented in 1987 and 1991. The results indicate that the rules influenced people’s decisions about when to report the beginning and ending of sickness spells. The 1991 reform, which reduced the replacement rate, had a stronger effect on reducing the duration of short-term absences than the 1987 reform, which restricted the payment of sickness cash benefit to only scheduled workdays.
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| 10. |
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