| 1. |
- Lundgren, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study : No association with islet autoimmunity
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The use of analgesic antipyretics (ANAP) in children have long been a matter of controversy. Data on their practical use on an individual level has, however, been scarce. There are indications of possible effects on glucose homeostasis and immune function related to the use of ANAP. The aim of this study was to analyze patterns of analgesic antipyretic use across the clinical centers of The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) prospective cohort study and test if ANAP use was a risk factor for islet autoimmunity. Methods: Data were collected for 8542 children in the first 2.5 years of life. Incidence was analyzed using logistic regression with country and first child status as independent variables. Holm's procedure was used to adjust for multiplicity of intercountry comparisons. Time to autoantibody seroconversion was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model with cumulative analgesic use as primary time dependent covariate of interest. For each categorization, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) approach was used. Results: Higher prevalence of ANAP use was found in the U.S. (95.7%) and Sweden (94.8%) compared to Finland (78.1%) and Germany (80.2%). First-born children were more commonly given acetaminophen (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p = 0.007) but less commonly Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAID) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78, 0.95; p = 0.002). Acetaminophen and NSAID use in the absence of fever and infection was more prevalent in the U.S. (40.4%; 26.3% of doses) compared to Sweden, Finland and Germany (p < 0.001). Acetaminophen or NSAID use before age 2.5 years did not predict development of islet autoimmunity by age 6 years (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99-1.09; p = 0.27). In a sub-analysis, acetaminophen use in children with fever weakly predicted development of islet autoimmunity by age 3 years (HR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01-1.09; p = 0.024). Conclusions: ANAP use in young children is not a risk factor for seroconversion by age 6 years. Use of ANAP is widespread in young children, and significantly higher in the U.S. compared to other study sites, where use is common also in absence of fever and infection.
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| 2. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender and occupational wage gaps in Romania : from planned equality to market inequality?
- 2015
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Ingår i: IZA Journal of European Labor Studies. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2193-9012. ; 4:10, s. 1-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Romania, the communist regime promoted an official policy of gender equality for more than 40 years, providing equal access to education and employment and restricting pay differentiation based on gender. After its fall in December 1989, the promotion of equal opportunities and treatment for men and women did not constitute a priority for any governments of the 1990s. This paper analyzes both gender and occupational wage gaps before and during the first years of the transition to a market economy and finds that the communist institutions did succeed in eliminating the gender wage differences in female- and male-dominated occupations but not in gender-integrated occupations. During both regimes, wage differences were, in general, much higher among workers of the same gender working in different occupations than between men and women working in the same occupational group, and women experienced a larger variation in occupational wage differentials than men.
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| 3. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of part-time sick leave on the employees' return to work
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Despite the limited and relatively weak empirical evidence for the effectiveness of part-time sick leave, the Swedish government has promoted the use of part-time sick leave instead of full-time sick leave, when possible. A few studies reported the effectspart-time sick leave on the probability to return to work. Our paper aims to bring more empirical evidence for the importance of part-time sick leave on the return to work by estimating the effects of part-time sick leave on the probability to return to work for each of the five years after the sickness spell started. Data and Methods: The sample analyzed in this paper is extracted from the National Agency of Social Insurance in Sweden and includes all employees aged 21-56 years in 2006 when they starteda sickness spell of at least two weeks on full-time, and were employed but not on sick leave during 2001-2005. Data include longitudinal information related to both employment and social insurance related events during 2001-2013. The point of departure is an employed individual with a diagnosed health condition and an accompanying reduced work capacity. This implies a choice between part-time or full-time sick leave. The choice of the degree of sick leave is a joint decision made by the employee, the employer, the physician, and the social insurance administrator. The common objective of the four parties is to choose the alternative with the highest likelihood of recovery of the lost work capacity. A suitable structure for this framework is a discrete choice switching regression model with an endogenous switch between the two states: part-time and full-time sick leave. We estimate the effects of part-time sick leave on the probability to return to work for each of the five years after the sickness spell started.Results: The estimates of our two parameters of primary interest, the average treatment effect (ATE) and the expected effect of the treatment on the treated (TT) vary across the years. The ATE-estimates for 2007 and 2008 is negative, but positive for each of the next three years, which shows that employees who switched from full-time to part-time sick leave have on average a lower probability to return to work the first and the second year after the sick leave spell started than employees who were onfull-time sick leave the whole sickness spell. The TT-estimates are negative for all five years, which means that there was a small average lost from part-time sick leave for those who actually were on part-time sick leave.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s and men’s responses to in-work benefits : the influence of children
- 2016
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Ingår i: IZA Journal of Labor Policy. - : Springer. - 2193-9004. ; 5:3, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines how the Swedish earned income tax credit (EITC) introduced in 2007 affected the labor supply of men and women living in two-adult households and the extent to which children in the household affected the outcome. Because the EITC is non-targeted in Sweden, it is difficult to form a meaningful comparison group for a regular ex-post quasi-experimental evaluation of the reform. Therefore, a structural discrete choice labor supply model for two-adult households is formulated and used in an ex ante analysis. In a first step, estimates from the structural labor supply model are used to determine the wage elasticities of the labor supply of men and women separately, both with and without children in the household. Our results correspond to those previously reported in the academic literature: somewhat larger wage elasticities are found for women than for men, while similar labor supply responses are found for men and women when there are no children in the household. In a second step, the labor supply model is used to simulate the labor supply responses to the EITC. Our results indicate that the largest response is on the extensive margin, with an increase in the labor force participation of both men and women. While the labor supply effect on the intensive margin is smaller, it is positive for both men and women working part-time. However, the presence of children affects work hours differently for men and women working part-time or not at all. For men, the percentage change in the work hours was much higher for those living in a household without children, whereas for women, the changes are almost the same for the two types of households.
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| 6. |
- Andrén, Daniela, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Women’s and men’s responses to in-work benefits : the influence of younger children
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines how the non-targeted earned income tax credit (EITC) introduced in Sweden in 2007 affected the labor supply of men and women living in a two-adult household and to what extent children in the household affects the outcome. Using a structural discrete labor supply model for two-adult households, we estimate the impact of the EITC on labor supply and disposable income separately for households with and without children. In a first step, the empirical model is evaluated by estimating wage elasticites for men and women separately. Our results correspond in level to those estimated elsewhere in the literature, with somewhat larger estimates for women than for men. Our results also suggest that the labor supply responses for men and women are more similar when no children are in the household. In a second step, the model is used to evaluate the labor supply effects of the EITC. Our results indicate that the largest response is on the extensive margin, with an increase in the labor force for both men and women. The labor supply effect on the intensive margin is smaller, yet positive for men and women working part-time in general, but the presence of children in the household brings difference between men and women. For households without children, the response is about the same in size for men as for women. For households with children, the response for men was about the same as for the case without children, but the response for women was about half in size. This indicates that women are less responsive to economic incentives than men when children are present in the household.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andrén, Thomas, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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IODP expedition 347 : Baltic Sea basin paleoenvironment and biosphere
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Drilling. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1816-8957 .- 1816-3459. ; 20, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) expedition 347 cored sediments from different settings of the Baltic Sea covering the last glacial–interglacial cycle. The main aim was to study the geological development of the Baltic Sea in relation to the extreme climate variability of the region with changing ice cover and major shifts in temperature, salinity, and biological communities. Using the Greatship Manisha as a European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling (ECORD) mission-specific platform, we recovered 1.6 km of core from nine sites of which four were additionally cored for microbiology. The sites covered the gateway to the North Sea and Atlantic Ocean, several sub-basins in the southern Baltic Sea, a deep basin in the central Baltic Sea, and a river estuary in the north.The waxing and waning of the Scandinavian ice sheet has profoundly affected the Baltic Sea sediments. During theWeichselian, progressing glaciers reshaped the submarine landscape and displaced sedimentary deposits from earlier Quaternary time. As the glaciers retreated they left a complex pattern of till, sand, and lacustrine clay, which in the basins has since been covered by a thick deposit of Holocene, organic-rich clay. Due to the stratified water column of the brackish Baltic Sea and the recurrent and widespread anoxia, the deeper basins harbor laminated sediments that provide a unique opportunity for high-resolution chronological studies.The Baltic Sea is a eutrophic intra-continental sea that is strongly impacted by terrestrial runoff and nutrient fluxes. The Holocene deposits are recorded today to be up to 50m deep and geochemically affected by diagenetic alterations driven by organic matter degradation. Many of the cored sequences were highly supersaturated with respect to methane, which caused strong degassing upon core recovery. The depth distributions of conservative sea water ions still reflected the transition at the end of the last glaciation from fresh-water clays to Holocene brackish mud. High-resolution sampling and analyses of interstitial water chemistry revealed the intensive mineralization and zonation of the predominant biogeochemical processes. Quantification of microbial cells in the sediments yielded some of the highest cell densities yet recorded by scientific drilling.
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| 9. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 10. |
- Kotthoff, U., et al.
(författare)
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Reconstructing Holocene temperature and salinity variations in the western Baltic Sea region: a multi-proxy comparison from the Little Belt (IODP Expedition 347, Site M0059)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 14, s. 5607-5632
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sediment records recovered from the Baltic Sea during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 347 provide a unique opportunity to study paleoenvironmental and climate change in central and northern Europe. Such studies contribute to a better understanding of how environmental parameters change in continental shelf seas and enclosed basins. Here we present a multi-proxy-based reconstruction of paleotemperature (both marine and terrestrial), paleosalinity, and paleoecosystem changes from the Little Belt (Site M0059) over the past ∼ 8000 years and evaluate the applicability of inorganic- and organic-based proxies in this particular setting. All salinity proxies (diatoms, aquatic palynomorphs, ostracods, diol index) show that lacustrine conditions occurred in the Little Belt until ∼ 7400 cal yr BP. A connection to the Kattegat at this time can thus be excluded, but a direct connection to the Baltic Proper may have existed. The transition to the brackish–marine conditions of the Littorina Sea stage (more saline and warmer) occurred within ∼ 200 years when the connection to the Kattegat became established after ∼ 7400 cal yr BP. The different salinity proxies used here generally show similar trends in relative changes in salinity, but often do not allow quantitative estimates of salinity. The reconstruction of water temperatures is associated with particularly large uncertainties and variations in absolute values by up to 8 °C for bottom waters and up to 16 °C for surface waters. Concerning the reconstruction of temperature using foraminiferal Mg / Ca ratios, contamination by authigenic coatings in the deeper intervals may have led to an overestimation of temperatures. Differences in results based on the lipid paleothermometers (long chain diol index and TEXL86) can partly be explained by the application of modern-day proxy calibrations to intervals that experienced significant changes in depositional settings: in the case of our study, the change from freshwater to marine conditions. Our study shows that particular caution has to be taken when applying and interpreting proxies in coastal environments and marginal seas, where water mass conditions can experience more rapid and larger changes than in open ocean settings. Approaches using a multitude of independent proxies may thus allow a more robust paleoenvironmental assessment.
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