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- Denmeade, Samuel R., et al.
(författare)
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Enzymatic activation of a doxorubicin-peptide prodrug by prostate- specific antigen
- 1998
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 58:12, s. 2537-2540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New approaches to target cytotoxic therapy specifically to metastatic prostate cancer sites are urgently needed. As such an approach, an inactive prodrug was synthesized by coupling the primary amine of doxorubicin to the COOH-terminal carboxyl of a seven-amino acid peptide carrier (i.e., Mu-His- Ser-Ser-Lys-Leu-Gln-Leu). The seven-amino acid peptide was documented to be hydrolyzable specifically by the serine protease prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to liberate the active cytotoxin L-leucyl-doxorubicin. Primary cultures of PC-82 human prostate cancer cells secreted high levels of enzymatically active PSA (i.e., 70 ± 5 ng of enzymatically active PSA/106 cells/24 h), whereas LNCaP human prostate cancer ells produced lower levels of enzymatically active PSA (i.e., 2.3 ± 1 ng/106 cells/24 h). LNCaP cells, however, secreted sufficient amounts of enzymatically active PSA to activate the doxorubicin prodrug to a cytotoxic form in vitro. The specificity of the cytotoxic response to the prodrug was demonstrated by the fact that 70 nM of the prodrug killed 50% of the PSA-producing LNCaP cells, whereas doses as high as 1 ♂ had no cytotoxic effect on PSA-nonproducing TSU human prostate cancer cells in vitro.
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- Söderlund, Erika, et al.
(författare)
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Heat Recovery Enhancement and Operational Issues of a 200 kWeFuel Cell Cogeneration Plant
- 1999
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Ingår i: ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 1999. - : American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). ; , s. 297-303
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents some of the experiences gained during a two year operational period of a decentralized fuel cell cogeneration plant installed in southern Sweden. Various modifications to the system are described, most notably a plume eliminator for the reduction of an undesirable vapor cloud emitted by the original system. Aside from vapor cloud elimination, the plume eliminator allows for more efficient plant operation, as a larger fraction of the system cooling requirements can be shifted to the district heating system. In-field measurements show a 17 to 26% increase in district heat production with use of the plume eliminator, depending upon the season of operation (winter or summer). The study also presents two options for added heat recovery, which are employed in conjunction with the plume eliminator: An air preheater module; and an air preheater/humidifier module. Calculations show that air preheating has a small but measurable impact on heat recovery (an additional 8% gain), while combined air preheating and humidification allows for nearly a 50% increase in district heat production.
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