| 1. |
- Ankerst, Jaro, et al.
(författare)
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Immunity to cancer. Naturally occurring tumours in domestic animals as models for research. Part 1
- 1973
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686. ; 49:1, s. 81-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PREVENTIVE VACCINATION IS SUCCESSFULLY PRACTISED TODAY AGAINST TWO NEOPLASTIC DISEASES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS: fibropapillomatosis of cattle and Marek's disease of chickens (a lymphoproliferative disease). Also it may soon be possible to immunize cats against lymphosarcoma. This memorandum describes these diseases and the immunological reactions involved. It also mentions a number of other tumours that could be used for immunological studies.The greatest advances in immunity have been made with the tumours caused by viruses. The killed papillomavirus vaccine used against bovine papillomatosis produces demonstrable antibodies against the virus. In the case of Marek's disease of chickens, which is due to a herpesvirus, a live virus vaccine is used. This does not prevent infection with virulent virus, but prevents the development of neoplasia. The mechanism by which the vaccine produces its effect is not yet known. Immunization with live and with killed vaccines has been successfully carried out experimentally against leukosis of chickens, which is caused by an oncornavirus. There is evidence that it will be possible to vaccinate cats against lymphosarcoma with non-living vaccine.Naturally occurring cancer in domestic animals parallels cancer in man more closely than does experimentally induced cancer in inbred laboratory animals; therefore immunological studies with the former are more likely to yield results relevant to the problem in man. Experimental cancer in rodents provides models that have the great advantages of uniformity and availability, and they cannot be replaced. However, models in domestic animals offer valuable supplementary systems for research aimed at elucidating the basic principles of immunity to cancer.
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| 2. |
- Ankerst, Jaro, et al.
(författare)
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Immunity to cancer. Naturally occurring tumours in domestic animals as models for research. Part 2
- 1973
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the World Health Organization. - 0042-9686. ; 49:2, s. 13-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Part 1 of this Memorandum appeared in Vol. 49, pages 81-91. Part 2 covers neoplasia of the bovine urinary bladder; tumours of unknown cause (including melanomas, osteosarcomas, mammary tumours, lymphosarcomas, mastocytomas, transmissible venereal tumours, and histiocytomas); and the applications of animal models in studies of neoplasia. A summary of animal models is included as an annex.
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| 3. |
- Steele, G., et al.
(författare)
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Absorption of blocking activity from human tumor‐bearer sera by staphylococcus aureus, cowan I
- 1975
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 15:2, s. 180-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan I, contains a cell‐wall substance, protein A, which combines with the Fc part of IgG in most mammalian species. It can therefore be used as a solid‐phase immunoabsorbant for elimination of the reacting immunoglobulins. Since it has been shown that Cowan I could absorb out the blocking activity of sera from rats bearing isografts of polyoma‐virus‐induced sarcomas or chemically induced colon carcinomas, we investigated what effects Cowan I absorption of human tumor‐bearer sera might have. In all tumor‐bearer sera tested, from patients with melanomas or colon carcinomas, treatment with protein‐A‐containing staphylococci decreased the sera's ability to inhibit lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. Cowan‐I‐treated sera from healthy controls had no effect on lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Nor did Cowan‐I‐treated tumor‐bearer sera potentiate or „arm” normal lymphocytes against tumor target cells. There was no evidence of complement‐dependent cytotoxicity with added human complement in sera from melanoma and colon carcinoma bearing patients either before or after absorption with Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I. The concentrations of IgA, IgG and IgM were determined in sera used for in vitro tests of blocking activity and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity before and after absorption. No reduction of IgA, reduction to undetectable levels of IgG and 20–30% reduction of IgM immunoglobulins as compared to unabsorbed sera were demonstrated.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ankerst, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cross-reacting Tumor-associated Antigen(s) of Adenovirus Type 9-induced Fibroadenomas and a Chemically Induced Mammary Carcinoma in Rats
- 1974
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 34:8, s. 1794-1800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-reactivities among tumor-associated antigens of rat mammary fibroadenomas and among these fribroadenomas and a rat mammary carcinoma were investigated by in vitro techniques. Lymphocytes from five female W/Fu rats bearing mammary fibroadenomas were found to share a common reactivity against fibroadenoma target cells, as demonstrated by lymphocyte cytotoxicity tests on iododeoxyuridine-l25I-labeled target cells and by microcytotoxicity tests. These lymphocytes were also cytotoxic to target cells derived from a rat mammary carcinoma induced by 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Inversely, lymphocytes from a female W/Fu rat bearing this 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-induced mammary carcinoma were cytotoxic to the carcinoma and the fibroadenoma target cells. Neither the immune lymphocytes from fibroadenoma-bearing rats nor those from the rats with the mammary carcinoma were cytotoxic to polyoma virus-induced sarcoma cells or to normal rat breast cells. Neither immune lymphocytes from rats with polyoma tumors nor those bearing chemically induced colon carcinomas demonstrated cellular immunity against either mammary fibroadenoma or mammary carcinoma target cells. Sera from each of the fibroadenoma-bearing rats inhibited the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes from rats bearing fibroadenoma or carcinoma against both mammary fibroadenoma and carcinoma target cells. Sera from the rat with the 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-induced mammary carcinoma inhibited the activity of its own lymphocytes on either fibroadenoma or carcinoma target cells. They also blocked the cytotoxicity of fibroadenoma-immune lymphocytes to fibroadenoma or to carcinoma target cells. The blocking sera of mammary fibroadenomatous and carcinomatous rats did not inhibit the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes from polyoma sarcoma-bearing rats against polyoma tumor cells. Additionally, sera from rats with either polyoma virus-induced tumors or colon carcinomas, which blocked in their respective systems, did not inhibit the in vitro activity of mammary fibroadenoma or carcinomaimmune lymphocytes on mammary fibroadenoma or cacinoma target cells. These results indicate a common tumor-associated antigenicity among the mammary fibroadenomas and a shared (tissue type-specific?) antigen between the mammary fibroadenomas and the chemically induced mammary carcinoma.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ankerst, J., et al.
(författare)
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Cytotoxicity induced by mixtures of adenovirus and specific antibodies - Induction of cytotoxic aggregates by homotypic anti-fibre sera and neutralization of the cytotoxicity by homotypic anti-hexon sera
- 1973
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Ingår i: Archiv für die gesamte Virusforschung. - 0003-9012. ; 41:1-2, s. 99-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aggregates cytotoxie for human cells in vitro were produced when adenovirus type 5 was mixed with homotypic rabbit antiserum against whole virus particles at a certain restricted virus-antibody ratio. The same degree of cytotoxicity was obtained with mixtures of the virus and an antiserum against purified fibres of adenovirus type 5 at a certain proportion. The cytotoxicity could be neutralized by homotypic antisera against purified hexons. The sequence in which the two anti-capsomer sera were added to the virus was found to be of importance: complete neutralization of the cytotoxicity appeared when virus preparations were incubated with anti-hexon sera before cytotoxic aggregates were formed by antifibre sera. In this case even a significantly lower51Cr-release appeared than that produced by corresponding amounts of virus alone. No neutralization of the cytotoxicity was obtained when anti-hexon serum was added to the mixtures after formation of cytotoxic aggregates by anti-fibre antibodies.
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| 8. |
- Ankerst, J., et al.
(författare)
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Induction of mammary fibroadenomas in rats by adenovirus type 9
- 1974
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 13:3, s. 286-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After inoculation of adenovirus type 9 into newborn Wistar/Furth rats, seven out of seven females developed one or several mammary fibroadenomas within 14–25 weeks after virus inoculation. No tumours were observed in male rats inoculated with the same virus or in untreated controls. Neonatal inoculations of adenovirus type 5, produced on the same HeLa cells, gave negative results in both sexes. The results indicate that benign mammary tumours can be induced in rats by a virus and that mammary fibroadenomas are induced by adenovirus type 9, previously known to be capable of transforming cells in vitro but not of inducing tumours in vivo.
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| 9. |
- Fäldt, R., et al.
(författare)
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Demonstration of antibody‐associated cellular cytotoxicity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia before and after chemotherapy
- 1979
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 24:1, s. 17-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study demonstrates that a cytotoxic serum reactivity not requiring the presence of complement appears in the sera of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The reaction is detected upon short‐term incubation of sera in vitro with autochthonous mononuclear white blood cells from peripheral venous blood of patients at the acute stage of the disease. This reactivity was demonstrated in 18/18 patients. Generally, the cytotoxicity was low in patients at the acute stage of the disease, but increased after chemotherapy and reached the highest level at the onset of clinical remission or just before. No cytotoxicity could be demonstrated against autochthonous remission white blood cells. The serum activity could be absorbed and eluted from protein A‐Sepharose CL‐4B and was recovered in the 7S‐fraction of the sera after gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200 and ion exchange chromatography. This indicates that the demonstrated cytotoxicity is due to immunoglobulins of IgG‐class. It is believed that Fc‐receptor‐bearing cells present in the target cell preparations function as effector cells. The reaction is designated antibody‐associated cellular cytotoxicity (AACC).
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| 10. |
- Fäldt, R., et al.
(författare)
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Tumor‐associated humoral cytotoxicity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia before and after chemotherapy
- 1977
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 20:6, s. 824-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sera of eight unselected adult patients with acute myelogenous leukemia obtained before and after chemotherapy were repeatedly tested for specific complement‐dependent cytotoxicity against autochthonous peripheral white blood cells from the acute leukemia stage and from the remission stage, respectively. Complement‐dependent cytotoxicity against white blood cells from the acute leukemia stage was demonstrated in all of the eight patients, while none of three patients' sera were reactive against white blood cells from the remission stage tested in parallel. The cytotoxicity was increased after chemotherapy, also in those patients in whom remission was not achieved.
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