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- Brämerson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of olfactory dysfunction : The Skövde population-based study
- 2004
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Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : John Wiley & Sons Ltd. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 114:4, s. 733-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives/Hypothesis: Patients with olfactory dysfunction appear repeatedly in ear, nose, and throat practices, but the prevalence of such problems in the general adult population is not known. Therefore, the objectives were to investigate the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in an adult Swedish population and to relate dysfunction to age, gender, diabetes mellitus, nasal polyps, and smoking habits. Study Design: Cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study. Methods: A random sample of 1900 adult inhabitants, who were stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register of Skövde, Sweden. Subjects were called to clinical visits that included questions about olfaction, diabetes, and smoking habits. Examination was performed with a smell identification test and nasal endoscopy. Results: In all, 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 19.1%, composed of 13.3% with hyposmia and 5.8% with anosmia. A logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between impaired olfaction and aging, male gender, and nasal polyps, but not diabetes or smoking. In an analysis of a group composed entirely of individuals with anosmia, diabetes mellitus and nasal polyps were found to be risk factors, and gender and smoking were not. Conclusion: The sample size of the population-based study was adequate, with a good fit to the entire population, which suggests that it was representative for the Swedish population. Prevalence data for various types of olfactory dysfunction could be given with reasonable precision, and suggested risk factors analyzed. The lack of a statistically significant relationship between olfactory dysfunction and smoking may be controversial.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hedén Blomqvist, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Consequences of olfactory loss and adopted coping strategies
- 2004
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Ingår i: Rhinology. - Utrecht : International rhinologic society. - 0300-0729 .- 1996-8604. ; 42:4, s. 189-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of loss of smell as regards the quality of life and the coping strategies used. Methods: Seventy-two patients with anosmia (46%) or hyposmia (54%) filled in the validated Multi-Clinic Smell and Taste Questionnaire, the validated General Well-being Schedule (GWBS), and answered other questions shown to be of good validity. Results: Several kinds of negative effects, risks associated with the loss, interference with daily routines and deteriorations in well-being were common. Physical health, financial security, profession, partnership, friendship, emotional stability and leisure were also deemed to be negatively affected and GWBS scores show compromised psychological well-being. The importance of olfaction seemed to be more noticeable after the loss of smell, and several kinds of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies were adopted by these patients. Conclusions: We found that the loss of smell had substantial adverse affects on the quality of life and that high priority should be given to its diagnosis and treatment and to further research in this field. Furthermore, a combination of problem- and emotion-focused coping strategies may be suggested to patients who have recently lost the sense of smell.
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| 4. |
- Lidén, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic counselling for cancer and risk perception
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0284-186X .- 1651-226X. ; 42:7, s. 726-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim was to investigate risk perception and psychological distress in individuals attending genetic counselling. A consecutive series of 86 individuals with a diagnosis and/or family history of breast, ovarian or colorectal cancer was included. Risk assessments were performed before and immediately after genetic counselling and at a one-year follow-up. Psychological distress was assessed 1 week before, and 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after genetic counselling. The number of individuals who correctly-estimated the general risk in the population increased significantly from 35%, before to 82% after counselling (p < 0.001). One year later, data on general risk estimates showed a significant reduction of the number of correct estimations to 51%, compared with directly after the counselling (p < 0.005). In total, 54% estimated their own lifetime risk correctly after the counselling, compared with 17% before (p < 0.001) (those with a cancer diagnosis estimated the risk of their children developing cancer). One year later, the number of correct estimations had dropped to 28%. Before the counselling, the majority of the participants overestimated both the general risk and their own/children's risk. The participants experienced moderate levels of psychological distress before the counselling and a decrease of anxiety afterwards (p < 0.02). However, half of the participants reported moderate or high distress. There were no differences in psychological distress between those who estimated their risk/ children's risk as low, moderate or high or between those who over-, under- or correctly estimated their own/children's risk. Further investigations are needed to develop and adjust the risk information provided to the individual in order to avoid misunderstanding, especially as this information is going to be revealed to family members Counselling support should be offered to those individuals who experience psychological distress.
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| 5. |
- Nordin, Steven, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of self-reported poor odor detection sensitivity : The Skövde population-based study
- 2004
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - Stockholm : Acta oto-laryngologica. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 124:10, s. 1171-1173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To enable adequate planning of ENT healthcare it is important to know the prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in the general population. Whether an individual will actually seek medical attention for olfactory dysfunction is likely to depend predominantly on his/her self-evaluation of the sense of smell. This motivated an investigation of the prevalences of self-reported poorer- and better-than-normal odor detection sensitivity in the general population. Material and Methods: A random sample of 1900 adult inhabitants, stratified for age and gender, was drawn from the municipal population register of Skövde, Sweden. Subjects were asked to attend a structured interview concerning their self-evaluation of their odor detection sensitivity. Results: In total, 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalences of self-reported poorer- and better-than normal odor detection sensitivity were 15.3% and 17.4%, respectively. The prevalence of poorer sensitivity was found to increase with age, and the prevalence of better sensitivity was lower in men than women. Conclusions: Considering the fairly high participation rate in this study and the fact that the population of Skövde is representative of the general Swedish population, the obtained prevalences can be considered representative of the general Swedish adult population.
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| 6. |
- Phol, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical and biochemical observations during treatment of depression with electroacupuncture : A pilot study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 17:7, s. 345-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients suffering from major depression were treated with electroacupuncture. During 4 weeks of treatment, the total CPRS-S-A score decreased from 23.8 to 13.4 (p = 0.0095). A decrease of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in plasma during the first 2 weeks of treatment was noted in five of the patients, all being women (p = 0.0431). The decrease was negatively correlated with age (rs = -0.29, p = 0.046). The results are in line with a putative antidepressive effect of electroacupuncture, along with an influence on NPY in plasma. Copyright ⌐ 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 7. |
- Pohl, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index influences plasma concentration of neuropeptide Y in healthy female volunteers : A pilot study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Gynecological Endocrinology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0951-3590 .- 1473-0766. ; 17:5, s. 409-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was measured in plasma obtained from healthy female volunteers twice in the natural menstrual cycle or the hormonal cycle caused by oral contraceptives about 2 weeks apart. The ratio between the NPY plasma concentration in the second sample and the first sample was influenced negatively by body mass index (BMI). There were no differences in NPY plasma concentrations on comparing the first and second samples. Age and the use or non-use of oral contraceptives did not exert any influence. BMI might be a confounding factor when determining NPY in the plasma of healthy women.
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