| 1. |
- Sandström, Camilla, Professor, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Policy goals and instruments for achieving a desirable future forest : Experiences from backcasting with stakeholders in Sweden
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forest Policy and Economics. - : Elsevier. - 1389-9341 .- 1872-7050. ; 111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The future of forests is a controversial issue in Sweden and elsewhere. Different stakeholder groups differ in the importance they give to roles they envision forests should have in, for example, the national economy, the protection of biodiversity and sustainable use of ecosystem services, and in mitigating climate change. We used participatory backcasting, a solution-oriented form of scenario analysis, as a method to identify stakeholders' various views as to what constitutes a desirable future forest in Sweden. By involving key stakeholders, we wanted to explore how to broaden the scope of potential solutions to the controversial issue of forest futures by analyzing goals, measures and policy instruments in order to form a bridge between stakeholders' policy objectives, and the instruments and support tools they would like to use to implement those policies. Preferences for particular policy instruments varied considerably among the stakeholder groups. In line with the literature, our study confirms that policy instruments are not mere empty vessels, but represent particular policy ideas, objectives and outlooks, and can show how stakeholders want forests to be governed in the future.
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| 2. |
- Aho, Sonja, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of Primary Tumor Location on Demographics, Resectability, Outcomes, and Quality of Life in Finnish Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients (Subgroup Analysis of the RAXO Study)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 16:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary The location of the primary tumor in the right colon, left colon, or rectum affects the efficacy of biological drugs used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, but how? We examined how the primary tumor location affects disease characteristics, treatability, quality of life, and outcome in a real-life study population of 1080 Finnish patients in the RAXO study. The primary tumor location correlates with the location of metastases, the frequency of gene mutations, how often metastases can be operated upon, long-term survival after curative surgery or palliative chemotherapy, and the quality of life during the disease trajectory. The primary tumor location is a helpful surrogate for clinicians working with metastatic colorectal cancer patients in estimating the clinical course of the disease. This study cannot identify the reasons for the associations, i.e., whether it is the primary location per se, the different mutations, or other reasons.Abstract The primary tumor location (PTL) is associated with the phenotype, metastatic sites, mutations, and outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients, but this has mostly been studied according to sidedness (right vs. left sided). We studied right colon vs. left colon vs. rectal PTL in a real-life study population (n = 1080). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed multi-cross-sectionally with QLQ-C30, QLQ-CR29, EQ-5D, and 15D. A chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression were used to compare the groups. The PTL was in the right colon in 310 patients (29%), the left colon in 396 patients (37%), and the rectum in 375 patients (35%). The PTL was associated with distinct differences in metastatic sites during the disease trajectory. The resectability, conversion, and resection rates were lowest in the right colon, followed by the rectum, and were highest in the left colon. Overall survival was shortest for right colon compared with left colon or rectal PTL (median 21 vs. 35 vs. 36 months), with the same trends after metastasectomy or systemic therapy only. PTL also remained statistically significant in a multivariable model. The distribution of symptoms varied according to PTL, especially between the right colon (with general symptoms of metastases) and rectal PTL (with sexual- and bowel-related symptoms). mCRC, according to PTL, behaves differently regarding metastatic sites, resectability of the metastases, outcomes of treatment, and HRQoL.
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| 3. |
- Areskoug Josefsson, Kristina, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Insights from co-reflection [blog post]
- 2020
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Preamble: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic a scheduled reflective research retreat was reorganized as a digital event in November. Participant were researchers and PhD candidates in a research programme discussing ongoing studies. In one the sessions preliminary findings of a study on outcomes of co-production were elaborated and participants used an electronic survey to share their reflections. This blog reports on some of the insights and co-reflections among retreat participants.
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| 4. |
- Areskoug Josefsson, Kristina, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting students in higher education in transforming their thesis into a scientific article
- 2021
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Ingår i: Högre Utbildning. - : Cappelen Damm Akademisk. - 2000-7558. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to our experience from education in health and welfare, there are increased expectations in academia for students to publish their work as scientific international articles. Reasons and motivation for transforming the thesis to a scientific article vary; however, it is essential to understand that the work includes substantial revision to meet the requirements of a scientific article. We have long experience of teaching in higher education and have supported students from various educational programs in health and welfare to publish their theses as articles in scientific journals. This demands time, engagement and competence from both supervisors and students, demands that to our knowledge rarely are acknowledged in higher education organisations. A coherent guide on how to support students aiming for publication would have been helpful, and this article is anchored in our experiences and reflections on this matter. This article highlights eight preparatory reflective questions and presents a guide for supervisors in supporting actions for the transformation of a thesis to an article.
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| 5. |
- Areskoug Josefsson, Kristina, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Trust and self-efficacy as enablers and products of co-production in health and welfare services
- 2021
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Ingår i: Processual perspectives on the co-production turn in public sector organizations. - Hershey, PA : IGI Global. - 9781799849759 - 9781799858850 - 9781799849766 ; , s. 42-58
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Health and welfare services are facing major challenges, including impaired efficiency in meeting the complex needs of users. To face these challenges, there is a need to develop new ways of working, such as co-production. It is a challenge to enable and enhance inclusive co-productive processes, but trust and self-efficacy are key concepts for success. Trust and self-efficacy can be considered as both enablers and products of co-production and are thus important to acknowledge together with contextual factors and to act upon at all organizational levels, starting with individual patients and users.
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| 6. |
- Bizjak, Tinkara, et al.
(författare)
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Presence and activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Scots pine needles in a boreal forest : a nitrogen-addition experiment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tree Physiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0829-318X .- 1758-4469. ; 43:8, s. 1354-1364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria have been detected and isolated from the needles of conifer trees growing in North American boreal forests. Because boreal forests are nutrient-limited, these bacteria could provide an important source of nitrogen for tree species. This study aimed to determine their presence and activity in a Scandinavian boreal forest, using immunodetection of nitrogenase enzyme subunits and acetylene-reduction assays of native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles. The presence and rate of nitrogen fixation by endophytic bacteria were compared between control plots and fertilized plots in a nitrogen-addition experiment. In contrast to the expectation that nitrogen-fixation rates would decline in fertilized plots, as seen, for instance, with nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with bryophytes, there was no difference in the presence or activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria between the two treatments. The extrapolated calculated rate of nitrogen fixation relevant for the forest stand was 20 g N ha-1 year-1, which is rather low compared with Scots pine annual nitrogen use but could be important for the nitrogen-poor forest in the long term. In addition, of 13 colonies of potential nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from the needles on nitrogen-free media, 10 showed in vitro nitrogen fixation. In summary, 16S rRNA sequencing identified the species as belonging to the genera Bacillus, Variovorax, Novosphingobium, Sphingomonas, Microbacterium and Priestia, which was confirmed by Illumina whole-genome sequencing. Our results confirm the presence of endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Scots pine needles and suggest that they could be important for the long-term nitrogen budget of the Scandinavian boreal forest.
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| 7. |
- Blasko, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Impacts of tree species identity and species mixing on ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks in a boreal forest
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Forest management practices, such as selection or mixing of particular tree species, may enhance forests' carbon (C) sinks and resilience against climate change. While a majority of research on this subject has focused on aboveground production, far less is known about how these management decisions impact belowground C storage, as well as the C and nitrogen (N) stocks of the whole ecosystem. We used a well-replicated 60-year-old experiment in boreal Sweden comparing monocultures and a mixture of the two dominant coniferous species: Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.), set up at a site that was assessed as equally suitable for the growth of either species. Our aim was to evaluate the species identity and species mixing effects on ecosystem C and N stocks. We measured total standing volume, aboveground tree biomass, fine-root biomass, C and N pools in tree biomass and soil, litterfall inputs, and soil CO2 emissions. Our results show major differences in C allocation and growth patterns between spruce and pine. We found almost twice as high total standing volume and litterfall inputs in the pine stands than in the spruce stands. Higher proportion and amount of needle biomass resulted in larger amounts of N retained in the canopy and smaller accumulation of C and N in the humus in the spruce compared to pine stands. The C sinks in aboveground tree biomass and soil were larger in the pine compared to spruce stands at this site. In addition, a significantly higher soil CO2 efflux rate and fineroot biomass in the spruce compared to pine stands suggested greater tree internal allocation of C belowground to roots and ectomycorrhizal fungi in response to stronger N limitation. We found no significant mixing effect in the mixed stands, given the levels of the measured variables did not exceed levels of the most productive monoculture, with an exception of higher SOC stocks in the deeper (10-20 cm) mineral soil layer in the mixed stands. Our results do not support the idea of higher productivity and C sinks of forest mixtures compared to the best performing monoculture on the given site suggesting that these tree species are not complementary from a forest management perspective. However, in many cases the mixed stands performed equally well as the best monoculture, indicating that management for multi-species stands may not result in any loss in C uptake and storage.
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| 8. |
- Blasko, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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The carbon sequestration response of aboveground biomass and soils to nutrient enrichment in boreal forests depends on baseline site productivity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nutrient enrichment can alleviate productivity limitations and thus substantially increase carbon (C) uptake in northern coniferous forests. Yet, factors controlling stand-to-stand variation of forest ecosystem responses to nutrient enrichment remain unclear. We used five long-term (13 years) nutrient-enrichment experiments across Sweden, where nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium were applied annually to young Norway spruce forests that varied in their baseline ecosystem properties. We measured tree biomass and soil C and N stocks, litterfall C inputs, soil CO2 efflux, and shifts in composition and biomass of soil microbial communities to understand the links between above and belowground responses to nutrient enrichment. We found that the strongest responses in tree biomass occurred when baseline site productivity was lowest. High increases in tree biomass C stocks were generally balanced by weaker responses in organic soil C stocks. The average ecosystem C-N response rate was 35 kg C kg-1 N added, with a nearly five-fold greater response rate in tree biomass than in soil. The positive nutrient enrichment effects on ecosystem C sinks were driven by a 95% increase in tree biomass C stocks, 150% increase in litter production, 67% increase in organic layer C stocks, and a 46% reduction in soil CO2 efflux accompanied by compositional changes in soil microbial communities. Our results show that ecosystem C uptake in spruce forests in northern Europe can be substantially enhanced by nutrient enrichment; however, the strength of the responses and whether the enhancement occurs mainly in tree biomass or soils are dependent on baseline forest productivity.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Flytande väte som ett logistiskt bränsle – En förstudie
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Energibolagen gör stora investeringar för att tillhandahålla infrastruktur för produktion, distribution och tankning av vätgas. Det är därför viktigt att hitta de mest effektiva och genomförbara scenarierna för väte i samhället. Detta innebär att välja mellan värdekedjor för flytande väte (LH2) eller komprimerad vätgas (CGH2) i stegen från produktion till lagring ombord på fordon inom transportsegment, till exempel tunga lastbilar. Under projektet övervägdes också det ännu oetablerade konceptet med kryo-komprimerad vätgas (CcH2). Projektet syftade till att identifiera de kritiska utmaningarna och nuvarande begränsningar som påverkar den utbredda användningen av väte som bränsle för transporttillämpningar. Det har fokuserat på att öka kunskapen om teknologier som kan göra LH2- eller CGH2-infrastruktur och fordonsanvändning effektivare och säkrare, genom att bedöma den aktuella teknikens nivå såväl som mognad samt potential för ny teknik. I detta ingick också ett segment fokuserat på säkerhetsrisker kring alternativen längs de senare delarna av värdekedjan. Projektet som helhet genomfördes som en litteraturstudie. För teknologimognaden i olika delar av värdekedjan har projektet sammanfattat resultaten i ett kategoriseringssystem på mycket hög nivå, se tabell nedan. Definitionerna är huvudsakligen kvalitativa i följande kategorier: • Etablerad (används i större skala, ~TRL 9-10) • Beprövat koncept (demonstranter eller snart det här stadiet, ~TRL 7-8) • Initial design (inga offentliga demonstratorer tillgängliga, ~TRL 3-6) • Osäker tillämplighet (tillämpligheten fastställdes inte i detta arbete) • Ej tillämpbart (Kan inte användas för detta tillstånd av väte) Tabellen ovan ger också en översikt över de segment som ingår i rapporten. I kombination med den tekniska utvärderingen gjordes också en kvalitativ kostnadsanalys av de olika fastillstånden för väte. Här indikeras att även om LH2 har en högre kostnad i den inledande delen av värdekedjan, har den lägre kostnader i slutsegmenten. Därför är det möjligt att slutpriset för användaren blir liknande för både LH2 och CGH2. Hela kostnaden kan jämföras först när LH2 tankstationer och fordon byggs offentligt och kostnadsinformation är tillgänglig. Detsamma gäller för CcH2. Under förstudien för säkerhet, föreskrifter och standarder kom följande slutsats: Ur ett säkerhetsperspektiv finns det inga oöverstigliga barriärer med avseende på användningen av LH2 ombord på tunga vägfordon på medellång sikt, men det finns flera utmaningar att övervinna, inte minst på kort sikt. Inom EU finns regler som tillåter typgodkännande av tunga vägfordon med LH2 lagringssystem. Dessa är dock baserade på arbete som utfördes för 15 - 20 år sedan och är allmänt erkända som i behov av att uppdateras och valideras på samma sätt som CGH2 vägfordonsreglerna har varit. Det finns även en brist på uppdaterade industristandarder för LH2-lagringssystem för vägfordon. En särskild lucka är avsaknaden av en uppdaterad standard som kan refereras till i föreskrifter för munstycket i tanköppningens geometri. För LH2-påfyllningsstationer som helhet finns det dessutom inga lämpliga, uppdaterade internationella standarder, så det finns en risk att enskilda länder ställer sina egna krav. Sammantaget drog projektet slutsatsen att det inte finns några oöverkomliga hinder för implementeringen av LH2. Det är en genomförbar värdekedja ur både teknologiska-, kostnads- och säkerhetsperspektiv. Den kan också i framtiden bli jämförbar med den mer beprövade värdekedjan CGH2, men vissa initiala hinder och investeringar måste övervinnas.
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| 10. |
- Domevscik, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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Large-scale assessment of artificially coated seeds for forest regeneration across Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: New Forests. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0169-4286 .- 1573-5095. ; 54, s. 255-267
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of two years' field performance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings regenerated using artificially coated seeds. The coated seeds were used for regeneration on 12 clearcut sites, covering a 1000 km latitudinal gradient across Sweden. The coating was either combined with arginine-phosphate fertilizer (10 mg N per seed) or had no additions. Interactions with environmental variables associated with sites were also assessed. Coated seeds were deployed in May-June 2017 and surveyed in August-September of 2018 and 2019. After two years, the mean establishment rate of seedlings from coated seeds was 56 +/- 4% across the 12 sites. The fertilizer addition did not affect survival, and the biomass response to fertilizer varied significantly between sites. Maximum precipitation and wind speed during the first six weeks after deployment were correlated with seedling survival, regardless of fertilization treatment. Establishment increased with increasing precipitation and decreased with increasing wind speed. This highlights the importance of initial weather conditions for the seeds' establishment. Our data suggest that Scots pine regeneration using coated seeds can be practiced in boreal forests, but also that the method is sensitive to the weather conditions at the time of deployment of the seeds.
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