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| 2. |
- Antonson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Crash Barriers and Driver Behavior : A Simulator Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Traffic Injury Prevention. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1538-9588 .- 1538-957X. ; 14:8, s. 874-880
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The study examines how drivers experience a conventional W-beam guardrail (metal crash barrier) along both sides of narrow versus wider roads (single carriageway with 2 lanes) in terms of stress, feelings, and driving patterns and whether subjective experience concurs with the actual driving patterns captured by the quantitative data.Methods: The study used different methods to capture data, including the VTI Driving Simulator III (speed and lateral vehicle position) in conjunction with electrocardiogram (ECG) data on heart rate variability (HRV) and questionnaires (oral during driving and written after driving). Eighteen participants-8 men and 10 women-were recruited for the simulator study and the simulator road section was 10 km long.Results: Driving speeds increased slightly on the wider road and on the road with a crash barrier, and the lateral driving position was nearer to the road center on the narrower road and on the road with a crash barrier. The HRV data did not indicate that participants experienced greater stress due to road width or due to the presence of a crash barrier. Participant experience captured in the oral questionnaires suggested that road width did not affect driver stress or driving patterns; however, the written questionnaire results supported the simulator data, indicating that a wider road led to increased speed. None of the participants felt that crash barriers made them feel calmer.Conclusions: We believe that there is a possibility that the increased speed on roads with crash barriers may be explained by drivers’ sense of increased security. This study demonstrates that an experimental design including experience-based data captured using both a simulator and questionnaires is productive. It also demonstrates that driving simulators can be used to study road features such as crash barriers. It seems more than likely that features such as street lamps, signs, and landscape objects could be tested in this way. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
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| 3. |
- Antonson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Experiencing moose and landscape while driving : a simulator and questionnaire study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Psychology. - : Elsevier. - 0272-4944 .- 1522-9610. ; 41, s. 91-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animal vehicle collisions (AVC's) have large economic, medical and ecological consequences but have rarely been studied with respect to driver behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate different AVC-relevant landscape settings (vegetation cover), with and without game fencing and in combination with encountering moose. Twenty-five participants took part in an advanced driving simulator experiment. The results show that neither the presence of a game fence nor vegetation was found to affect driving speed, speed variability, lateral position or visual scanning in general. When a moose appeared at the side of the road, the drivers reacted by slowing down earlier and reducing their speed more when no game fence was present. Furthermore, the speed reduction when a moose was present was significantly larger when the vegetation was sparse. Game fencing made drivers feel at ease whereas dense vegetation was experienced as more stressful.
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| 4. |
- Antonson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Landscape heritage objects' effect on driving : a combined driving simulator and questionnaire study.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 62, s. 168-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the literature, landscape (panoramas, heritage objects e.g. landmarks) affects people in various ways. Data are primarily developed by asking people (interviews, photo sessions, focus groups) about their preferences, but to a lesser degree by measuring how the body reacts to such objects. Personal experience while driving a car through a landscape is even more rare.In this paper we study how different types of objects in the landscape affect drivers during their drive. A high-fidelity moving-base driving simulator was used to measure choice of speed and lateral position in combination with stress (heart rate measure) and eye tracking. The data were supplemented with questionnaires. Eighteen test drivers (8 men and 10 women) with a mean age of 37 were recruited. The test drivers were exposed to different new and old types of landscape objects such as 19th century church, wind turbine, 17th century milestone and bus stop, placed at different distances from the road driven.The findings are in some respect contradictory, but it was concluded that that 33% of the test drivers felt stressed during the drive. All test drivers said that they had felt calm at times during the drive but the reason for this was only to a minor degree connected with old and modern objects. The open landscape was experienced as conducive to acceleration. No significant differences could be observed concerning the test drivers' gaze between old or modern objects, but a significant difference was observed between the test drivers' gaze between road stretches with faraway objects and stretches without objects.
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| 5. |
- Antonson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Landskapsanalys och upphandling : en intervjustudie med aktörer i väg- och järnvägsplaneringen
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Upphandling av landskapsanalys är viktigt, inte minst för att säkerställa dess kvalitet. Det anser tolv nyckelpersoner om landskapsanalys i planeringsprocessen för väg och järnväg samt om upphandling av dessa. Samtidigt framgår det att landskapsanalys sällan handlas upp separat, även om det tas fram ett sådant kunskapsunderlag.Intervjuerna som gjorts i en VTI-studie visar på svårigheten att som projektledare veta att en landskapsanalys skall handlas upp separat, man vet inte vad som skall ingå och man har svårt att uttrycka tydligt vad som gäller angående källmaterial, kompetens, metoder och omfång samt, kanske viktigast av allt, man har svårt att motivera varför inte alltid det lägsta anbudet bör antas.Det förefaller svårt att formulera anbud i form av att både kunna välja utifrån det billigaste priset och samtidigt lyckas få rätt kompetens och tidigare erfarenhet av att göra en landskapsanalys. När en upphandling sker idag verkar det främst vara en intern fråga för Trafikverket att formulera kraven i förfrågningsunderlaget rörande landskapsanalys och miljökonsekvensbeskrivning.Ett annat resultat är att det inte finns mycket till samsyn kring landskapsanalys annat än om avsaknaden av riktlinjer och hjälp från den ansvariga myndigheten (Trafikverket) i form av en separat handbok eller ett avsnitt i de befintliga MKB-handböckerna. Det är påfallande hur viktigt en gemensam handbok eller snarlikt dokument tycks vara för dem som deltagit i studien. Det råder osäkerhet kring hur kvaliteten hos en landskapsanalys säkerställs och ofta förutsätts granskningen i MKB-processen vara en garant även för landskapsanalysen.Två synsätt förekommer bland dem i studien om när en landskapsanalys bör genomföras: dels tidigt i planeringsprocessen, dels löpande genom hela planeringsprocessen. Men egentligen finns det, med nuvarande planeringssystem, också en tredje syn, nämligen att landskapsanalys är en del av MKB, det vill säga ett arbete som genomförs första gången i vägutredningskedet.
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| 6. |
- Antonson, Hans
(författare)
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Public participation and written submissions.: A transport infrastructure planning case study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Transportation Research. Part A: Policy & Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 70, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Written submissions or comments as a response on an EIS (Environmental Impact Statement) rank as one of the most common forms of public participation. Within public participation research there appears to be an international dearth of knowledge concerning such written submissions. The possible impact of such responses on an EIS is - with few exceptions - seldom put in focus. The aim in the present brief communication is to study one aspect of public participation within transport infrastructure planning, namely the role of written submissions sent to the applicant by individuals, Non-governmental organisations, companies and authorities. By comparing 34 written submissions with road planning documents (including EIS) the impact of the public views has been analysed in a south Swedish case study. At a time when the new Environmental Code only had been in force for less than one year, it does not appear as if the Road Administration's regional office accepted most of the written submissions just to show that the new regulation concerning participation had a direct impact on the planning. Sweden's long tradition of public access to official documents may explain why written submissions as one aspect of public participation worked well in the E18 highway planning process, because civil servants have long been taught to promptly furnish information and guidance, as well as to giving advice and other assistance to individuals in matters concerning an authority's activity. This study shows, then, that - if properly managed by the developer's street-level staff - the use of written submissions may improve the EIS from a stakeholder perspective and also make the stakeholders feel they are being taken seriously. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Antonson, Hans
(författare)
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Retrospection of medieval landscape change in mid-Sweden Historical maps analysed using a retrogressive approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: NEW FOCUS ON RETROSPECTIVE METHODS. - 9789514110931 ; , s. 163-185
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scholars from different historical disciplines use the word 'retrospective in different ways which might sometimes be confusing. In historical geography, 'retrogressive methodology' is the term for what in history is known as retrospective methodology: using later sources to shed light upon earlier times. In this field, retrospective methodology is the opposite: making earlier sources throw light upon later times. The aim of this article is to present the retrogressive method as I know it from historical geography and in two case studies show how it works and highlight its potential for medieval landscape studies by the use of (post-medieval) maps from the provinces of Halsingland and Jamtland, mid-Sweden (fig. 1). The cases discuss medieval hamlet and village formation as well as late medieval farm desertion.
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| 9. |
- Antonson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Tourism development strategy or just brown signage? : Comparing road administration policies and designation procedures for official tourism routes in two Scandinavian countries
- 2014
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 36, s. 342-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This comparative study maps and explores planning and designation of official tourism, routes in two countries with quite similar planning traditions, responding to a deficiency in research, on tourism route planning and development.Based on personal semi-structured interviews with, public road planners and managers in Norway and Sweden, the paper illuminates establishment and, management of official tourism routes, with an emphasis on overall strategies, funding, and, stakeholder involvement.Results show that public road administration route planning procedures in, the two countries are quite different. In Norway, a top-down principle is basically employed, concerning initiatives and designation of routes.In Sweden, the principle is one of muddling through, giving street-level planners more opportunities for individual influence on route planning. Funding for, road stretches included in the Norwegian national route programme is earmarked, whereas Swedish, routes are financed from ordinary appropriations to the regional road administrations.In Norway, regular follow-up studies such as road user surveys are conducted. In Sweden, a dearth of, documentation of tourist interests and route assessments seemingly makes route development, susceptible in relation to regional road administrations' economic priorities.
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| 10. |
- Berglund, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Landskapsanalys för transportinfrastruktur : en kunskaps- och metodredovisning för utveckling av väg- och järnvägsprojekt i enlighet med den Europeiska Landskapskonventionen
- 2013
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten ”Landskapsanalys för transportinfrastruktur” har tagits fram inom forskningsprojektet ”Bättre landskapsanalys för transportsektorn” (2010-2013) i samverkan mellan SLU och VTI och handlar om hur man kan arbeta med landskapsanalys (LA) i planläggningsprocessen för väg- ochjärnvägsprojekt. Vi kallar den ett kunskapsunderlag, och dess främsta syfte är att förmedla relevantkunskap från forskarsamhället till Trafikverkets landskapsexperter och därmed stödja Trafikverketsmöjligheter att leverera den landskapsanpassade infrastruktur som regeringen kräver.Fokus för arbetet har varit planläggningsfasen, dvs. när man enligt den sammanhållna vägprocessenkommit så långt att vägen/järnvägen ska prövas i en fysisk miljö.
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