| 1. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(författare)
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20 Years of Nordic event and festival research: a review and future research agenda
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 21:1, s. 49-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The research output during the last two decades suggests that events and festivals are of major importance for society both internationally and in a Nordic context. Existing literature, primarily published in a Nordic context, is reviewed and organized according to three broad areas: The event and festival consumer, the event or festival as organization and the effects and interrelationships of events and festivals with society. We discuss the contribution which Nordic research has made to the Nordic School and to international event and festival research and suggest a future research agenda focusing on methods, context and theories.
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| 2. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(författare)
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A segmentation of fish consumers based on quantity and type of fish: Insights from the Swedish market
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - 0950-3293. ; 112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the underlying factors contributing to the observed differences in fish consumption patterns. To accomplish this, a segmentation analysis was conducted on a representative sample of 2207 individuals from Sweden based on the dual dimensions of both the volume and variety of fish ingested. By scrutinizing these facets, the aim is to gain deeper insights into the distinct consumer archetypes characterized by their diverse fish consumption habits, thus uncovering the catalysts and deterrents that influence these patterns. The outcome of the segmentation analysis (i.e., two-step analysis: hierarchical clustering followed by non-hierarchical clustering technique) reveals four distinct consumer segments, each possessing unique attributes concerning their preferences and behaviours regarding fish consumption. These segments are classified as the “Frequent,” “Avid,” “Occasional,” and “Infrequent” fish consumers. The profiling of these segments is built on factors encompassing consumers' decision-making styles, involvement in food, environmental consciousness, as well as pertinent socio-economic variables including income, geographical location, age, educational attainment, and gender. Evident from the findings is the clear demarcation of two segments characterized by robust fish consumption tendencies, specifically the “Frequent” and “Avid” segments. Subsequently, there exists a segment showcasing moderately pronounced fish consumption behaviours labelled as the “Occasional” consumer group, in contrast to a segment demonstrating a markedly diminished inclination for fish consumption, denoted as the “Infrequent” consumer. All segments score high on habitual and brand-loyal purchasing intentions which emphasize the routine nature of fish consumption behaviour. In a broader context, the study underscores the inherent utility of segmenting consumers based on fish consumption volume and type, as this approach yields distinct consumer groups that can be systematically addressed by stakeholders ranging from policy makers to producers and other seafood advocates.
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| 3. |
- Armbrecht, John
(författare)
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AN EVENT QUALITY SCALE FOR PARTICIPATORY RUNNING EVENTS
- 2020
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Ingår i: Event Management. - 1525-9951. ; 24:1, s. 139-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research question: This study focuses on the perceived quality of participatory event experiences by addressing the following question: What are the important aspects of the event experience? Research methods: The aim is to develop and refine a scale to measure the quality of the event experience for runners at a participatory event. The objective is to combine, apply, test, and refine the existing scales to increase our understanding of the perceived quality of events among amateur running athletes. Both affective and cognitive dimensions are included in the scale. Based on seven dimensions and 36 items, a formal scale development process is adopted. The data consist of 1923 observations collected during a participatory event with approximately 60,000 registered participants. Results: The seven-factor model, including immersion, surprise, participation, fun, social aspects, hedonic aspects and service quality, was gradually revised in favour of a four-factor solution: service quality, hedonic aspects, fun and immersion. As a result, 73.1% of the variance is extracted. Implications: This study contributes to a refined scale measuring the perceived event quality of participatory events. Service quality accounts for more than half of the variance extracted. Researchers should continue to develop research on the critical experiential dimensions in an event context. Furthermore, the links between the constructs need attention. The results suggest that event organizers should evaluate their events and event portfolios based on the scale and take actions to increase the perceived quality of these events.
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| 4. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(författare)
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Covid-19 och hållbara evenemang : Påverkan, anpassning och framtid för evenemang inom idrott och friluftsliv
- 2021
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Evenemangsbranschen kopplad till Sveriges idrotts- och friluftsliv har påverkats kraftigt av pandemin. I det korta perspektivet har tusentals människors jobb och fritid påverkats då aktiviteter uteblivit och evenemang ställts in. De långsiktiga konsekvenserna kan leda till en förändrad syn på hur man i framtiden kommer att resa, delta i evenemang och använda arenor. Detta får i sin tur konsekvenser för miljön. Denna rapport beskriver och analyserar studier gjorda under 2020 för att bättre förstå vilka effekter inställda evenemang har gett upphov till, men också huruvida det finns något i pandemin som kan bidra till mer hållbara evenemang. Studierna utgår från frågorna hur arrangörer och konsumenter påverkas av pandemin, hur alternativa evenemangslösningar kan uppstå och hur erfarenheterna kan tillvaratas efter pandemin. Rapporten bygger dels på tidigare forskning, dels på en enkät som skickats ut av Riksidrottsförbundet till samtliga anslutna föreningar våren 2020 (n=3 513), och på en enkät som Visit Stockholm och Göteborg & Co skickade till svensk allmänhet hösten 2020 (n=3 159). En stor del av idrottsutövandet i Sverige sker i organiserad form i någon av landets idrottsföreningar. För föreningarna och utövandet är evenemang centrala, och upp emot 90 procent av alla intäkter som föreningarna förlorat under pandemins första våg kan kopplas till uteblivna evenemang. Det är givetvis en varierande grad av intäktsbortfall, men hårdast drabbade i ekonomiska termer är ishockeyn och fotbollen. De största intäktsbortfallen vid uteblivna evenemang kan kopplas till anmälningsavgifter, biljettintäkter, sponsormedel och försäljning. Men, det blir också tydligt att det finns påtagliga negativa effekter som inte i första hand rör ekonomi. Vanliga icke-ekonomiska effekter är medlemstapp, liksom att färre aktiviteter leder till ökad fysisk och psykisk ohälsa, försämrad integration samt att idrotten inte längre får samma möjlighet att sprida glädje och gemenskap. Föreningarna framhåller behoven av ekonomiskt stöd men efterfrågar också stödbehov kopplat till att tolka riktlinjer, driva enskilda frågor gentemot ii myndigheter och andra, förnya evenemangen och inte minst hjälp med marknadsföring i tider när evenemangen startar upp igen. Enkäten som under hösten riktades till den svenska allmänheten visar att många kände sig negativt påverkade av inställda evenemang och ansåg att deras livskvalitet påverkats negativt. Evenemang ligger nära livsstil för många besökare och i rapporten diskuteras begreppet serious leisure där evenemang konstateras påverka människors vardag före, under och efter själva evenemanget. De flesta respondenter anser att digitala evenemang inte helt kan ersätta de evenemang där man träffas fysiskt. Dock anger var femte respondent att digitala evenemang helt eller delvis kan vara ett fullgott alternativ för framtiden vilket är en stor framtida utmaning och möjlighet både kommersiellt och miljömässigt. Pandemin har ökat medvetenheten om trygghet och säkerhet. I rapporten konstateras att det finns en rad åtgärder som arrangörer kan vidta för att möta besökares oro och farhågor. Utöver handsprit, närvarande publikvärdar och annat efterfrågas också större avstånd till andra besökare. Detta kan innebära en utveckling med fler evenemang men med färre besökare. Studien synliggör miljömässiga effekter där det kortsiktigt blivit ett minskat eller uteblivet resande på grund av inställda evenemang. Relativt få arrangörer har jobbat med att anpassa sina evenemang till distansoberoende genom exempelvis streaming eller andra digitala tjänster. På längre sikt konstateras dock pandemin kunna leda till att hela eller delar av evenemang anpassas till ett digitalt format, vilket kan innebära minskat resande och minskad miljöbelastning. Det kan också leda till ett ändrat användande av den infrastruktur som kopplas till evenemang, exempelvis minskat eller ändrat beroende av arenor. Sammantaget kan det konstateras att miljöfrågorna får står tillbaka under en brinnande kris som en pandemi utgör. Fokus ligger på verksamheternas överlevnad, akuta åtgärder och uthållighet. Men såväl direkt som indirekt kan pandemin påverka svenskars evenemangsbeteende. Detta ändrade beteende kan i sin tur påverka miljön både direkt och indirekt. Mer kunskap på området är nödvändig på väg mot målet och mer hållbara evenemang.
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| 5. |
- Armbrecht, John
(författare)
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Event quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in an event context
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 21:2, s. 169-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding consumer experiences constitutes a central interest for event and destination managers. This study applies event quality incorporating affective and cognitive aspects of event experiences as a measure of the event experience. The measure is used to predict perceived value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions. The article contributes with a deeper understanding of how to measure and assess event attendees’ experiences in terms of affective and cognitive components in order to forecast event consumers’ behavioural intentions. The importance and mediating role of perceived value and satisfaction are tested. The conclusions stress the significance of affective aspects of experiences in understanding perceived value of experiences. A broader approach to the event experience is promising within an event, tourism and destination management perspective when developing existing and new event concepts as well as event portfolios.
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| 6. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Sports Clubs and Events during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impacts and Responses
- 2021
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Ingår i: Crisis Management and Recovery for Events: Impacts and Strategies. - Oxford : Goodfellow Publishers. - 9781911635901 ; , s. 193-212
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden has 10 million inhabitants of which more than 30% are members of at least one sports club. Typically, sports clubs are organized under the Swedish Sports Confederation (Riksidrottsförbundet). On a national level, approximately 19,000 sports clubs exist, distributed over 72 specialist sports federations. Each club usually stages one or several sport events every year. For example, specialist sports federations organize all championships at national and international levels. From a sports club perspective, these events constitute important sources of income. From a societal perspective, clubs and events create considerable economic impacts, foster public health, and facilitate integration contributing with substantial social values (Brown et al., 2015; Pettersson & Wallstam, 2017; Wallstam, Ioannides, & Pettersson, 2020). During the Covid-19 pandemic, most governments restricted individuals’ possibilities for gatherings and movements. On March 12th the Swedish government responded to the pandemic by limiting the number of participants to events to no more than 500 people. Starting March 29th gatherings were limited to 50 people. During the end of year 2020 and the second virus wave, further actions were taken. The government limited the number of visitors and participants to eight people. These restrictions had considerable negative effects on many sport-related activities, events, and thus clubs.
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| 7. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Sports Clubs and Events during the Covid-19 Pandemic: Impacts and Responses
- 2021
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Ingår i: Crisis Management and Recovery of events. - : Goodfellow Publishers. - 9781911635901 - 9781911635918 - 9781911635925 ; , s. 193-212
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reveals how to effectively manage events in times of crisis, and leveraging events for post-disaster recovery. The volume brings together theoretical and practical insights in order to set up a robust ground for effective crisis management and recovery strategies of events.
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| 8. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(författare)
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The event experience, hedonic and eudaimonic satisfaction and subjective well-being among sport event participants
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Policy Research in Tourism Leisure and Events. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1940-7963 .- 1940-7971. ; 12:3, s. 457-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The baffling growth in the number of participants in sport events calls for an explanation. Sport event organizers, working on an increasingly competitive market, need to know what factors are important to satisfy the participants and enhance their well-being. Satisfaction is a central concept in consumer behaviour research together with experiences. Subjective well-being (SWB), also referred to as happiness, has made a more recent entry into consumer behaviour research but is gradually gaining recognition as an important concept. The objective of this study is to find out how SWB fits into the framework of consumer behaviour and whether SWB can be explained by satisfaction with the event experience in the context of participatory sport events. It is proposed that satisfaction is better aligned with theories about happiness by distinguishing between hedonic satisfaction and eudaimonic satisfaction. A survey of 7552 participants at five sport events was used to select a subsample of 192 participants, which provides data for testing an SEM model. The model consists of six constructs: Service quality, fun, flow (as components of the event experience), hedonic satisfaction, eudaimonic satisfaction and the dependent construct SWB. The results reveal a good fit of the model. Service quality and fun affect hedonic satisfaction whereas eudaimonic satisfaction is influenced by flow. SWB is explained by hedonic satisfaction, which acts as a fully mediating variable for eudaimonic satisfaction. The conclusions centre on the introduction of two new types of satisfaction consistent with the two facets of happiness and implications for event management.
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| 9. |
- Armbrecht, John, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of serious leisure, training, and consumption on subjective well-being for sport event participants
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People pursue leisure activities like running because it makes them feel good and Stebbins (1992) suggests that serious leisure predicts subjective well-being (SWB). However, it is unclear whether serious leisure and/or its behavioural consequences such as increased consumption, event participation or training, explain varying levels of SWB. Some of these behavioural consequences have adverse environmental impacts, and a trade-off exists between negative environmental impacts and increased levels of SWB. This study surveyed 933 runners about their level of serious leisure, consumption patterns, training, event participation, and SWB. CFA and SEM are used to test the direct effects of serious leisure and the role of selected mediators to understand their effects on SWB. The study concludes that serious leisure itself has no significant direct effect on SWB. However, athletes' engagement in training has direct positive effects on SWB. Furthermore, serious leisure, training and event participation increase other types of consumption, such as shoes, electronic equipment, cloths, etc. which have, however, no significant effect on SWB. These results advise organisers of leisure activities, such as event organisers, how to develop sustainable, yet valuable event experiences.
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| 10. |
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