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- Hagiwara, K, et al.
(författare)
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Review of particle physics
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review D (Particles and Fields). - 0556-2821. ; 66:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics Using data from previous editions, plus 2205 new measurements from 667 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics This edition features expanded coverage of CP violation in B mesons and of neutrino oscillations For the first time we cover searches for evidence of extra dimensions (both in the particle listings and in a new review) Another new review is on Grand Unified Theories A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website http //pdg 1b1 gov.
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- Burgess, J. G., et al.
(författare)
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The development of a marine natural product-based antifouling paint
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biofouling. - 0892-7014. ; 19, s. 197-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Problems with tin and copper antifouling compounds have highlighted the need to develop new environmentally friendly antifouling coatings. Bacteria isolated from living surfaces in the marine environment are a promising source of natural antifouling compounds. Four isolates were used to produce extracts that were formulated into ten water-based paints. All but one of the paints showed activity against a test panel of fouling bacteria. Five of the paints were further tested for their ability to inhibit the settlement of barnacle larvae, Balanus amphitrite, and algal spores of Ulva lactuca, and for their ability to inhibit the growth of U. lactuca. Two paints caused a significant decrease in the number of settled barnacles. One paint containing extract of Pseudomonas sp. strain NUDMB50-11, showed excellent activity in all assays. The antifouling chemicals responsible for the activity of the extract were isolated, using bioassay guided fractionation, and their chemical structures determined.
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- Thirion, P, et al.
(författare)
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Escalated dose for non-small-cell lung cancer with accelerated hypofractionated three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy
- 2004
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0887 .- 0167-8140. ; 71:2, s. 163-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose: To prospectively assess the feasibility and efficacy of a hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy regimen (72 Gy in 24 daily fractions, 3Gy per fraction) in patients (pts) with non-resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods: We included 25 Ins with a histologically or cytologically proven NSCLC, with KPS greater than or equal to 70 and less than or equal to 10% weight loss over prior three months, and with tumour stage I/II medically inoperable (9 pts) or non-resectable stage III a/b without pleural effusion (16 pts). Eleven pts received induction chemotherapy. No more than 30% of the combined lung volume could receive more than 25 Gy and the maximal biological effective dose to the spinal cord was maintained below 44 Gy. Results: No grade-4 acute toxicity event was reported. Two pts had a treatment break because of grade-3 acute oesophagitis. Twenty-two pts were evaluable for long-term toxicity (median follow-up = 9.7 months, range 4 to 30.2 months). There were 4 Grade-1 pulmonary and 2 Grade-1 oesophageal long-term toxicity events. Twenty-two pts were evaluable for tumour response with 7 complete and 8 partial responses, 5 stable diseases and 2 progressive diseases. The actuarial 1-year overall and thoracic-progression-free survival rates were 68% and 72% respectively. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the feasibility of the experimental radiotherapy schedule, however more data are needed to confirm its efficacy. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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- Martin-Smith, K. M., et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone increases growth and dominance of wild juvenile Atlantic salmon without affecting space use
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Fish Biology. - : Wiley. - 0022-1112 .- 1095-8649. ; 65, s. 156-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth hormone (GH) was applied to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar parr (the pre-migratory freshwater life stage) to manipulate growth potential experimentally and to elucidate the effects on dominance status, actual growth, exploratory activity and home range. Experiments were conducted using seven groups of eight parr from May to September of two successive years. The fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), tested for dominance, and then held in an enclosed section of a natural stream which was fitted with an array of PIT tag detectors to record space use at a definition of c. 2 m. Relationships between dominance rank, space use and growth were established over 2 weeks. The four lowest ranking fish in each group were then given a slow-release GH implant while the other fish received a placebo. The GH stimulated increase in fork length (L-F) and mass and decrease in condition factor due to the relatively greater increase in L-F. There was, however, an interaction between GH-stimulated increase in growth and season, with the hormone having an effect only during the early part of the summer. Regardless of treatment, fish that moved most around their home range grew fastest. Increased growth in GH-treated fish was associated with an increase in growth per unit movement, not increased total movement. This suggested that GH-treated fish increased their rate of short-distance (<2 m) foraging movements. Overall, space use, measured in terms of home range size and time allocation throughout the range, did not vary consistently in response to application of GH. There was a strong correlation between the weighted centre of the home range (a measure of position within the enclosure) before and after treatment, irrespective of whether fish were given GH or a placebo. The study shows that when density is low relative to carrying capacity, GH stimulates increased dominance and growth in a near-natural environment without having measurable effects on space use at a definition of e. 2 m. The results are interpreted as suggesting that high dominance status gives no significant growth advantage in a highly competitive situation, but increases foraging rate when food is abundant. Increased foraging appears to result from local changes in time budgeting rather than variations in the extent of home range and larger-scale movements within it. Thus, in areas with declining wild Atlantic salmon populations where the habitat is unsaturated and food is abundant, introduced domestic Atlantic salmon may be competitively superior. (C) 2004 Crown copyright.
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